childcare-50years

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2 Similarly, events in England and Wales had led to the production of the "Guide to Practice" (Foster Care: A Guide to Practice (1976), London, HMSO), which was to inform social work practice for more than 2 decades. The sub-committee addressed the legislative bias in favour of fostering set out in Section 114 of the Children and Young Persons Act (NI) 1968. This required that a HSS Board should provide accommodation and maintenance for a child in its care "on such terms whether as to payment by the Board or otherwise as the Board may, subject to the provision of the Act and regulations thereunto determine". Section 114(1)(b) further states "where it is not practicable or desirable for the time being to make arrangements for boarding-out", the accommodation and maintenance may be provided "by maintaining the child in a children's home or by placing him in a voluntary home". The sub-committee's report on fostering noted: "we are convinced that the primacy given to fostering, by legislation (no matter how it is qualified) is no longer appropriate and we recommend that it is repealed" (Para 2.5). The Children and Young Persons Review Group chaired by Sir Harold Black, which reported in 1979, ("Report of the Children and Young Persons Review Group", Belfast, HMSO, December 1979) also made this recommendation. Neither of these committees sought to downgrade fostering as a means of caring for children, rather they sought to ensure that decisions relating to individual children were informed by professional judgement. The objectives of both these reports to ensure that assessment determined placement type was not achieved legislatively until the commencement of the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, in November 1996. Neither the Black Report nor the CPSSAC sub-committee's report recommended the introduction of custodianship orders giving foster parents greater rights to the children in their care, as in the Children Act 1975 of England and Wales. The sub-committee's report stated: 50 YEARS OF CHILD CARE IN NORTHERN IRELAND 22
2 "On balance and taking into account not only the foster parents but also the child and natural parents we recommend that foster parents should have no special rights in relation to adoption or custodianship ... as the result of the passage of a certain number of years" (Para 2.9). Black argued that the provisions in England and Wales were as yet untested and that no case had been made for custodianship orders in Northern Ireland. These views were tenable at the time but practice has shown that for many children, foster care has become a quasiadoption situation and both children and foster carers are seeking greater clarity about their respective positions. Other factors, which promoted fostering were at a Departmental policy level. The Regional Strategies for Health and Personal Social Services (1987-92 and 1992-97) strongly promoted foster care. The Regional Strategy (1987-92) required that: "Boards should seek to reduce the need for residential care and with the development of preventive and foster care services as alternatives to residential care, to reduce the stock of residential provision". This policy had the twin objective of placing a downward pressure on the number of residential places while actively promoting alternatives such as foster care. The promotion of foster care was further reinforced in the succeeding Regional Strategy which established a target for each Board of having at least 75 per cent of children in care living in a family placement, excluding those children placed at home on a "home on trial" basis, by 1997. The promotion of one form of care over another ended with the commencement in November 1996 of the Children Order, which requires that decisions regarding placement type be determined by assessment of a child's needs. The Children Order provides a legislative framework for children's services based on principles relating to the paramount welfare of the child, the importance of sustaining the family through family support services and the benefits of working in partnership. The Children Order seeks to ensure that 50 YEARS OF CHILD CARE IN NORTHERN IRELAND 23
Page 1: 50 A Better Future 40 30 20 10 Depa
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE There is both an acceptance
Page 7: Finally, I am indebted to Mr Selwoo
Page 10 and 11: 1 decisions, taken in the late 1940
Page 12 and 13: 1 1946 which resulted in the Childr
Page 14 and 15: 1 recognition of the effect of the
Page 17 and 18: Chapter FOSTER CARE 2 Background an
Page 19 and 20: 2 adequacy of the supply of foster
Page 21 and 22: 2 residential care to children wher
Page 23: Both these issues were addressed in
Page 27 and 28: 2 Numbers of children fostered and
Page 29 and 30: 2 Safeguarding children in foster c
Page 31 and 32: 2 Prior to the adoption of the Nati
Page 33 and 34: 2 • encourages partnership workin
Page 35 and 36: 2 "The most important general issue
Page 37 and 38: 2 The main achievements in foster c
Page 39: 2 The Human Rights Act 1998, also b
Page 42 and 43: 3 Adoption of Children Act (NI) 192
Page 44 and 45: The social context to 1947 3 Povert
Page 46 and 47: The management and structure of ado
Page 48 and 49: 3 cent were under 2 years. Third pa
Page 50 and 51: 3 baby boy: the child's mother did
Page 52 and 53: 3 The management and structure of a
Page 54 and 55: 3 Adoption (NI) Order 1987 however
Page 56 and 57: 3 figures available show that in 19
Page 58 and 59: 3 situations, Catholic lists remain
Page 60 and 61: 3 The Adoption Allowances Regulatio
Page 62 and 63: 3 population) had been freed or wer
Page 64 and 65: 3 Table 4 - Number of children adop
Page 66 and 67: 3 could be assured within the law t
Page 68 and 69: adoption. In the near future, few p
Page 70 and 71: 3 The post placement and post adopt
Page 72 and 73: 3 professional responsibility for s
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3 Church of Ireland Adoption Societ
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3 • the establishment of speciali
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4 During the 1950s the main concern
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4 • every attempt was to be made
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4 failed, however, to anticipate th
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4 "Boards should seek to reduce the
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4 taken to ensure that these childr
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4 Practice, however, soon establish
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4 • the need for a complaints pro
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4 Kincora, as early as 1967, there
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4 • there were social, economic a
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4 Table 7 - Number of children in c
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4 The Child Welfare Council Report
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4 within homes as a consequence of
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4 The past 50 years have, therefore
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4 The devolved administration, the
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Chapter 5 JUVENILE OFFENDING Develo
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5 • the view that imprisonment wa
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5 the order did not appear as a cri
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5 Having commenced with a small gro
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5 The decline in numbers of young p
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5 considerably, juvenile liaison bu
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5 years the percentage of cases giv
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3. Working with young offenders req
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5 remanded or placed in a secure un
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Chapter DISABLED CHILDREN Introduct
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6 In the absence of a full and read
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6 in Northern Ireland designed to p
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6 are known are receiving either ca
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6 other conditions. This became the
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6 cent of children who fell within
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6 Sixteen percent of parents said t
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6 The treatment of handicapping con
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6 Nursing Team) and the Children's
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6 The 1950 Children and Young Perso
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6 them) her young siblings made a j
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6 Legislation and the development o
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6 based homes and hostels. Some chi
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6 The Children Order was implemente
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6 In an ever-changing social contex
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Chapter 7 CHILD PROTECTION Origins
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7 the 1908 Act did not allow such a
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7 under the supervision of a probat
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7 Boards to set up registers on chi
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7 supposed satanic abuse in the Ork
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7 can be uncomfortable to the profe
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7 Work like this is not given much
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7 Alongside these educational progr
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7 the responsibility of one agency
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Chapter SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION & TRA
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8 basic qualification in social wor
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8 proposed a two year generic socia
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8 in Residential Care for Children
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8 CCETSW's report "Care for Tomorro
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• high expectations are placed on
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8 people that are involved across a
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8 7. Since the 1990s there has been
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9 Because our society is in the pro
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9 specific commitment to improve co
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9 who wish to work in the care serv
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9 establish a contract with SCIE to
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BIBLIOGRAPHY • ‘Adoption of Chi
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• Department of Health, ‘Adopti
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• O’Halloran, K. ‘Adoption La
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• Tresiliotis, J. Shireman, J. an
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ISBN 0-946932-07-7 Published by: De
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