6Evaluación de poblaciones:MSY Rendimiento máximo sostenibleB BiomasaC CapturaCPUE Captura por unidad de esfuerzoF Coeficiente de mortalidad por pescaS Índice de biomasa reproductoraSBR Cociente de la biomasa reproductoraSSB Biomasa de la población reproductoraAreas oceánicasEPOWCPOOceáno Pacífico orientalOcéano Pacífico occidental y centralBanderas:CPC de la CIAT 6BLZ BeliceCAN CanadáCHN ChinaCOK Islas CookCOL ColombiaCRI Costa RicaECU EcuadorESP EspañaGTM GuatemalaHND HondurasJPN JapónKOR República de CoreaMEX MéxicoNIC NicaraguaPAN PanamáPER PerúPYF Polinesia FrancesaSLV El SalvadorTWN Taipei ChinoUSA Estados Unidos de AméricaVEN VenezuelaVUT VanuatuOtras banderasBMU BermudaBOL BoliviaCHL ChileCOG CongoCYM Islas CaimónCYP ChipreFSM Estados Federados de MicronesiaLBR LiberiaNLD Países BajosNZL Nueva ZelandaPRT PortugalRUS RusiaSEN SenegalVCTUNKSt. Vicente y GranadinasDesconocido6 Partes de la CIAT, no Partes Cooperantes, y Entidades PesquerasCooperantes
7A. THE FISHERY FOR <strong>TUNA</strong>S AND BILLFISHES IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN1. Catches and landings of tunas, billfishes, and associated species .................................................................................................. 71.1. Catches by species ........................................................................................................................................................................... 81.2. Distributions of the catches of tunas ............................................................................................................................................. 101.3. Size compositions of the catches of tunas..................................................................................................................................... 101.4. Catches of tunas and bonitos, by flag and gear............................................................................................................................. 121.5. Landings of tunas and bonitos by purse-seine and pole-and-line vessels .................................................................................... 122. Fishing effort.................................................................................................................................................................................. 132.1. Purse seine...................................................................................................................................................................................... 132.2. Longline ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 133. The fleets........................................................................................................................................................................................ 133.1. The purse-seine and pole-and-line fleets....................................................................................................................................... 133.2. Other fleets of the EPO.................................................................................................................................................................. 14This section summarizes the fisheries for species covered by the IATTC Convention (tunas and other fishes caught by tunafishingvessels) in the eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO). The most important of these are the scombrids (Family Scombridae), whichinclude tunas, bonitos, seerfishes, and mackerels. The principal species of tunas caught are yellowfin, skipjack, bigeye, andalbacore, with lesser catches of Pacific bluefin, black skipjack, and frigate and bullet tunas; other scombrids, such as bonitos andwahoo, are also caught.This report also covers other species caught by tuna-fishing vessels in the EPO: billfishes (swordfish, marlins, shortbill spearfish,and sailfish) carangids (yellowtail, rainbow runner, and jack mackerel), dorado, elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates), andother fishes.Most of the catches are made by the purse-seine and longline fleets; the pole-and-line fleet and various artisanal and recreationalfisheries account for a small percentage of the total catches.Detailed data are available for the purse-seine and pole-and-line fisheries; the data for the longline, artisanal, and recreational fisheriesare incomplete.The IATTC Regional Vessel Register contains details of vessels authorized to fish for tunas in the EPO. The IATTC has detailedrecords of most of the purse-seine and pole-and-line vessels that fish for yellowfin, skipjack, bigeye, and/or Pacific bluefin tuna inthe EPO. The Register is incomplete for small vessels. It contains records for most large (overall length >24 m) longline vessels thatfish in the EPO and in other areas.The data in this report are derived from various sources, including vessel logbooks, observer data, unloading records provided bycanners and other processors, export and import records, reports from governments and other entities, and estimates derived from thespecies and size composition sampling program.1. CATCHES AND LANDINGS OF <strong>TUNA</strong>S, BILLFISHES, AND ASSOCIATED SPECIESEstimating the total catch of a species of fish is difficult, for various reasons. Some fish are discarded at sea, and the data for somegear types are incomplete. Data for fish discarded at sea by purse-seine vessels with carrying capacities greater than 363 metric tons(t) have been collected by observers since 1993, which allows for better estimation of the total amounts of fish caught by the purseseinefleet. Estimates of the total amount of the catch that is landed (hereafter referred to as the retained catch) are based principallyon data from unloadings. Beginning with Fishery Status Report 3, which reports on the fishery in 2004, the unloading data for purseseineand pole-and-line vessels have been adjusted, based on the species composition estimates for yellowfin, skipjack, and bigeyetunas. The current species composition sampling program, described in Section 1.3.1, began in 2000, so the catch data for 2000-2008 are adjusted, based on estimates obtained for each year, by flag. The catch data for the previous years were adjusted by applyingthe average ratio by species from the 2000-2004 estimates, by flag, and summing over all flags. This has tended to increase theestimated catches of bigeye and decrease those of yellowfin and/or skipjack. These adjustments are all preliminary, and may beimproved in the future. All of the purse-seine and pole-and-line data for 2008 are preliminary.Data on the retained catches of most of the larger longline vessels are obtained from the governments of the nations that fish fortunas in the EPO. Longline vessels, particularly the larger ones, direct their effort primarily at bigeye, yellowfin, albacore, or sword-
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