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La tierra que nos sustenta

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Robert Dull, ubicó restos de cultivo de teosinte, el<br />

ancestro prehistórico del maíz <strong>que</strong> aún crece en ciertas<br />

zonas de Guatemala y México, y de zea mays, el maíz<br />

ya domesticado <strong>que</strong> conocemos y consumimos hasta<br />

hoy. U<strong>nos</strong> 3,500 años atrás, la domesticación del maíz<br />

significó un importante proceso para los huma<strong>nos</strong>: la<br />

antropización y el surgimiento de la agricultura, <strong>que</strong><br />

produjo sedentarización de la civilización <strong>que</strong> fueron<br />

creciendo de tal manera <strong>que</strong> agudizaron el uso intensivo<br />

de la <strong>tierra</strong>.<br />

El pionero estudio de ar<strong>que</strong>ología ecológica de Howard<br />

E. Daugherty, en 1969, logró reconstruir la naturaleza<br />

primigenia del Valle de Zapotitán antes de la intromisión<br />

del hombre en la agricultura prehispánica: el valle se<br />

encontraba cubierto de un bos<strong>que</strong> caducifilio <strong>que</strong><br />

mantenía fértiles y nutridas las <strong>tierra</strong>s: “con un bos<strong>que</strong><br />

siempre verde en áreas bien regadas, con bos<strong>que</strong>s de<br />

pi<strong>nos</strong> en laderas más altas y parches de bos<strong>que</strong> nuboso<br />

en la parte norte de los volcanes más altos”.<br />

Robert Dull, located remains of teosinte cultivation, the<br />

prehistoric ancestor of corn that still grows in certain<br />

areas of Guatemala and Mexico, and zea mays, the<br />

already domesticated corn that we know and consume<br />

until today. Some 3,500 years ago, the domestication<br />

of corn represented an important process for humans:<br />

anthropisation and the emergence of agriculture, which<br />

produced sedentary civilizations that grew in such a way<br />

that they increased the intensive use of the land.<br />

The pioneering study of ecological archeology of<br />

Howard E. Daugherty, in 1969, managed to reconstruct<br />

the primitive nature of the "Zapotitán" Valley before the<br />

intrusion of man in prehispanic agriculture: the valley<br />

was covered with a deciduous forest that maintained<br />

fertile and nourished the lands: "with an evergreen<br />

forest in well-watered areas, with pine forests on higher<br />

slopes and areas of cloud forest in the northern part of<br />

the highest volcanoes".<br />

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