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groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central - GRSNC

groupe de recherche sur le système nerveux central - GRSNC

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KALASKA, JohnTél. (514) 343-6349 PhysiologieUniversité <strong>de</strong> MontréalC.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-vil<strong>le</strong>, MontréalFax (514) 343-6113 Canada H3C 3J7URL site WWW:E-Mail: john.francis.kalaska@umontreal.ca URL personnel CV:KALASKA, JohnStatut universitaire / University statusProfesseur titulairePhysiologieFaculté <strong>de</strong> mé<strong>de</strong>cineUniversité <strong>de</strong> MontréalAppartenance à d'autres <strong>groupe</strong>s / Affiliation with other groupsDirecteur, Groupe d'IRSC en sciences neurologiquesMembre du Groupe <strong>de</strong> <strong>recherche</strong> <strong>sur</strong> <strong>le</strong> système <strong>nerveux</strong> <strong>central</strong> (<strong>GRSNC</strong>) - FRSQFormation / TrainingB.Sc., Université <strong>de</strong> Toronto, 1973Ph.D., Université <strong>de</strong> Toronto, Neurophysiologie et zoologie, 1979Postdoctora<strong>le</strong>, The John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Neurophysiologie, 1978-1981Orientations <strong>de</strong> la <strong>recherche</strong>•Étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s mécanismes neuronaux du cortex cérébral impliqués dans la planification et <strong>le</strong> contrô<strong>le</strong> <strong>de</strong>s mouvements <strong>de</strong> pointagevisuel.•Étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s mécanismes neuronaux du cortex cérébral impliqués dans <strong>le</strong>s processus décisionnels menant au choix <strong>de</strong> mouvement à faire.Principaux projets en cours:•Rô<strong>le</strong> <strong>de</strong>s neurones du cortex moteur et pariétal dans la planification <strong>de</strong>s paramètres cinématiques et cinétiques <strong>de</strong>s mouvements <strong>de</strong>pointage vers <strong>le</strong>s cib<strong>le</strong>s visuel<strong>le</strong>s dans l’espace.•Rô<strong>le</strong> <strong>de</strong>s neurones du cortex moteur dans l’apprentissage <strong>de</strong>s nouvel<strong>le</strong>s habilités motrices et dans la mémoire non-déclarative(« inverse dynamics mo<strong>de</strong>l »).•Rô<strong>le</strong> <strong>de</strong>s neurones du cortex moteur primaire, cortex prémoteur et cortex préfrontal dans la sé<strong>le</strong>ction <strong>de</strong> la cib<strong>le</strong> pour <strong>de</strong>smouvements <strong>de</strong> pointage dans différents contextes cognitifs.•Rô<strong>le</strong> du cortex pariétal chez l’homme dans <strong>le</strong>s mécanismes rapi<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> correction <strong>de</strong>s erreurs dans <strong>le</strong>s mouvements <strong>de</strong> pointage enResearch orientations•Study of cerebral cortex neuronal mechanisms involved in the planning and control of visually gui<strong>de</strong>d reaching movements of the arm.•Study of cerebral cortex neuronal mechanisms involved in the early <strong>de</strong>cision processes <strong>le</strong>ading to the choice of movement to make.Current research projects:•Ro<strong>le</strong> of neurons in the motor and parietal cortex in the planning of kinematic and kinetic parameters of reaching movements to visual targets.•Ro<strong>le</strong> of motor cortex neurons in the <strong>le</strong>arning of new motor skills and non-<strong>de</strong>clarative memory (“inverse dynamics” mo<strong>de</strong>l).Publications choisies/Se<strong>le</strong>cted publicationsSergio, L.E and Kalaska J.F. Systematic changes in motor cortex cell activity with arm posture during directional isometric force generation.J. Neurophysiol. 89: 212-228, 2003.Cisek, P., Crammond, D.J. and Kalaska, J.F. Neural activity in primary motor and premotor cortex in reaching tasks with the contralateralversus ipsilateral arm. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 922-942, 2003.Krouchev, N.I. and Kalaska, J.F. Context-<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt anticipation of different task dynamics: rapid recall of appropriate motor skills usingvisual cues. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 1165-1175, 2003.Cisek, P. & Kalaska, J.F. Neural correlates of mental rehearsal in dorsal premotor cortex. Nature 431: 993-996, 2004Cisek, P. & Kalaska, J.F. Neural correlates of reaching <strong>de</strong>cisions in dorsal premotor cortex: Specification of multip<strong>le</strong> direction choices and final se<strong>le</strong>ction of action.Neuron 45: 901-914, 2005Sergio, L.E., Hamel-Pâquet, C. & Kalaska, J.F. Motor cortex neural correlates of output kinematics and kinetics during isometric-force and arm-reaching tasks.J. Neurophysiol. 94: 2353-2378, 2005Gritsenko, V., Krouchev, N.I. & Kalaska, J.F. Afferent input, efference copy, signal noise, and biases in perception of joint ang<strong>le</strong> during active and passive elbowmovements. J. Neurophysiol. 98 : 1140-1154, 2007Page 46

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