TIM ADVOKASI KEBENARAN DAN KEADILAN - Elsam
TIM ADVOKASI KEBENARAN DAN KEADILAN - Elsam
TIM ADVOKASI KEBENARAN DAN KEADILAN - Elsam
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. Konvensi Menentang Penyiksaan<br />
Ahli Professor Paul van Zyl berpendapat bahwa Pasal 1 ayat (9) UU Nomor 27 Tahun<br />
2004 bertentangan dengan Konvensi menentang Penyiksaan (yang telah diratifikasi<br />
oleh Indonesia) terutama Pasal 4, Pasal 7, Pasal 12 dan Pasal 13 Konvensi. Dalam<br />
Concluding Observations atas negara Peru tahun 2000, Komite menentang<br />
Penyiksaan menyatakan bahwa “the amnesty laws which preclude prosecution of<br />
alleged torturers who must, according to articles 4, 5 and 12 of the Convention, be<br />
investigated and prosecuted”. Selanjutnya dinyatakan bahwa, “Amnesty laws should<br />
exclude torture from their reach”. Dalam Concluding Observations atas negara<br />
Azerbaijan tahun 2000, Komite menyatakan bahwa “in order to ensure the perpetrators<br />
of torture do not enjoy impunity, the State party should ensure the investigation and,<br />
where appropriate, the prosecution of those accused of having committed the crime of<br />
torture, and ensure that amnesty laws exclude torture from their reach”. Hal ini<br />
semakin dikuatkan dalam yurisprudensi kasus Hajrizi Dzemajl et al. v. Serbia and<br />
Montenegro dan kasus M’Barek v Tunisia.<br />
c. Deklarasi Perlindungan atas Penghilangan Paksa<br />
Pasal 1 ayat (9) juga bertentangan dengan The Declaration on the Protection of all<br />
Persons from Enforced Disappearances yang diadopsi 18 Desember 1992. Dalam<br />
Pasal 18 deklarasi tersebut dinyatakan bahwa “[p]ersons who have or are alleged to<br />
have committed offences referred to in article 4, paragraph 1, above, shall not benefit<br />
from any special amnesty law or similar measures that might have the effect of<br />
exempting them from any criminal proceedings or sanction.”<br />
d. Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000)<br />
Dalam Resolusi 1325 tanggal 31 Oktober 2000, Dewan Keamanan PBB menekankan<br />
bahwa: “the responsibility of all States to put an end to impunity and to prosecute<br />
those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes including<br />
those relating to sexual and other violence against women and girls, and in this regard<br />
stresses the need to exclude these crimes, where feasible from amnesty provisions.”<br />
Sementara itu, berdasarkan Pasal 25 piagam PBB, “anggota PBB sepakat untuk<br />
menerima dan melaksanakan keputusan dari Dewan Keamanan”, dan Indonesia tidak<br />
boleh melanggarnya.<br />
f. Laporan-laporan PBB<br />
Dalam Laporan Sekjen PBB tentang Pembentukan Special Court for Sierra Leone 4<br />
Oktober 2000, Sekjen PBB menyatakan bahwa “United Nations has consistently<br />
maintained the position that amnesty cannot be granted in respect of international<br />
crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity or other serious violations of<br />
international humanitarian law.”<br />
Dalam Laporan Sekjen PBB mengenai the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in<br />
Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies 3 Agustus 2004, Sekjen PBB menyatakan bahwa<br />
“United Nations-endorsed peace agreements can never promise amnesties for<br />
genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights”.<br />
Selanjutnya Sekjen PBB memutuskan untuk “[r]eject any endorsement of amnesty for<br />
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