anatomia do lenho e dendrocronologia de lianas da famÃlia ...

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46 MATERIALS AND METHODS There were sampled fifty-seven lianas from eight species belonging to Leguminosae family, subfamilies Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae (Table 1). The samples were collected at the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, municipality of Itatiaia, State of Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil. Placed between geographical coordinates 22°15’ and 22°30’ S, 44°30’ and 44°45’ W, within an area of 28,155.97 hectares (http://www.ibama.gov.br). The vegetation type is Atlantic rain forest (Oliveira-Filho & Fontes, 2000). The Itatiaia range has a predominant mountainous relief with several well-delimited climatic and vegetation belts related with altitudinal gradient. The belt where the samples were taken is between 700 m and 1,100 m, with annual mean precipitation of 1,699 mm, and annual mean temperature 18.2 °C. This ambient is warm and rainy from December to February and cold and dry from June to August. From December to February falls 50 % of the annual precipitation and January is the rainiest month with an average of 289.2 mm. In these months the mean of temperature is 20.8°C. From June to August falls only 5 % of the annual precipitation and the least rainy month is June with average 31.5 mm. This cold and dry season has the mean temperature of 15.1 °C, but was registered absolute minimum of 0 °C. The climate is temperate and humid, and by Köppen’s system is the Cfb type (Segadas-Vianna & Dau 1965). There were selected for this study lianas with diameter larger than 2.0 cm at approximately 1.3 m above the ground without wounds or deformities in this height. The number of samples per species differed by the difficult to meet individuals with characteristics cited above and different abundance of each species. From each sampled individual, a voucher was also collected, with reproductive and others vegetative parts, which were deposited in herbarium collection of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB). Wood samples of stems were collected at approximately 1.3 m above the ground. There were taken partial or complete cross-sections with approximately 2 cm length, including bark, wood and some times the medulla. Blocks were polished for macroscopic observation with hand lens and stereomicroscope Olympus SZ11. The images were taken with photographic camera Olympus C5050 attached to the same stereomicroscope. For light microscopy, boiling water and glycerine were used to soft part of the blocks. Sections with 16 to 30 µm thick were made in transversal, tangential and radial plains with Spencer 860 sliding microtome. After that they were cleaned, stained with safranin and astra blue (Bukatsch, 1972), dehydrated and mounted on Permount resin in permanent slides. Slides were observed at Olympus microscope BX50 and images captured with system Image
47 Pro Plus version 3.0 for Windows linked at that microscope through a Media Cybernetics CoolSNAP-Pro video camera. The polarized light microscope Zeiss with red filter was also used for calcium oxalate crystals observation. Wood samples and permanent slides were incorporated in the wood collection of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RBw). Terminology follows the IAWA Committee (1989). Others considerations about growth rings and cambial variants follow classifications proposed by Carlquist (2001).
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Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botâ
Page 3 and 4:
III ANATOMIA DO LENHO E DENDROCRONO
Page 5 and 6: V A meus pais Arno (in memorium) e
Page 7 and 8: VII Aos grandes amigos parceiros de
Page 9 and 10: IX ABSTRACT The lianas represent a
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUÇÃO GERAL Nas florestas do
Page 13 and 14: 3 Apesar das vantagens dos vasos gr
Page 15 and 16: 5 REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA Lianas Hi
Page 17 and 18: 7 A notável largura dos elementos
Page 19 and 20: 9 Dendrocronologia Pesquisas sobre
Page 21 and 22: 11 ARTIGO 1 Anatomia do lenho de oi
Page 23 and 24: 13 ABSTRACT (Wood anatomy of eight
Page 25 and 26: 15 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS As coletas f
Page 27 and 28: 17 RESULTADOS Senegalia grandistipu
Page 29 and 30: 19 Senegalia martiusiana (Steud.) S
Page 31 and 32: 21 Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britto
Page 33 and 34: 23 Piptadenia micracantha Benth. (F
Page 35 and 36: 25 Todas as espécies estudadas apr
Page 37 and 38: 27 agrupadas (Fig. 15). Piptadenia
Page 39 and 40: 29 Na maioria das espécies em estu
Page 41 and 42: 31 histoquímicos e foi confirmada
Page 43 and 44: 33 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradecemos ao In
Page 45 and 46: 35 Putz, F.E. & Mooney, H.A. 1991.
Page 47 and 48: 37 Figuras 1 a 4 - Visão microscó
Page 49 and 50: 39 Figuras 9 a 12 - Visão do plano
Page 51 and 52: 41 Figura 15 - Análise de agrupame
Page 53 and 54: 43 ABSTRACT The anatomical features
Page 55: 45 1991). Two liana censuses develo
Page 59 and 60: 49 Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britto
Page 61 and 62: 51 DISCUSSION Distinct growth rings
Page 63 and 64: 53 In the last decades the knowledg
Page 65 and 66: 55 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the In
Page 67 and 68: 57 Détienne P. 1989. Appearance an
Page 69 and 70: 59 Richter HG, Dallwitz MJ. 2000 on
Page 72: 62 Figure 1: Transverse sections in
Page 75: 65 Figure 3: Transverse sections in
Page 78 and 79: 68 ARTIGO 3 Crescimento secundário
Page 80 and 81: 70 INTRODUÇÃO Desde o final do s
Page 82 and 83: 72 MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS O estudo fo
Page 84 and 85: 74 RESULTADOS As quatro espécies e
Page 86 and 87: 76 DISCUSSÃO Foi observado neste e
Page 88 and 89: 78 No presente trabalho, quando ana
Page 90 and 91: 80 Lorimer, C.G., Dahir, S.E. & Sin
Page 92 and 93: 82 Figuras 2 a 5 - Lesões realizad
Page 94 and 95: 84 2,00 2000,00 Índice 1,00 0,00 -
Page 96 and 97: 86 60 50 A milímetros 40 30 20 10
Page 98 and 99: 88 A dendrocronologia, por sua vez,
Page 100 and 101: 90 Carlquist, S. 1988. Comparative
Page 102 and 103: 92 Gentry, A.H. 1985. An ecotaxonom
Page 104: 94 Trouet, V., Haneca, K., Coppin,
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