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50 fibrous zone and radially flattened latewood cells are not ever well-distinct on all samples and on all growth rings, but the absence of both features in the same growth ring is unusual. The macroscopic and microscopic observations provide easy distinction of growth rings boundaries, however a broad view field of macroscopy facilitates the observation.
51 DISCUSSION Distinct growth rings were observed in four of the eight studied species (Figure 3A-D, 4A-D). The others presented cambial variants and growth rings boundaries of sporadic occurrence (Figure 1A-D, 2A-D). The cambial variants observed were lobed stem but not fragmented and stem with xylem furrowed, products of the single cambium but with unequal activity on some regions, in studied species generally on four regions of the stem (Table 1). The two species of Piptadenia genus show distinct growth rings boundaries. In four species of the Senegalia genus, the occurrence of cambial variants and sporadic growth rings boundaries were predominant. Only one studied species of Senegalia genus does not show cambial variants and has distinct growth rings boundaries. The unique studied species of Dalbergia genus shows distinct growth ring boundaries. IAWA Committee (1989) states that distinctness of the ring boundaries should be judged with a light microscope and when growth rings are nonperiodical and of sporadic occurrence should be recorded as rings absent or indistinct. Therefore, S. grandistipula, S. lacerans, S. martiusiana, and S. pedicellata should be classified as indistinct growth rings because of the sporadic occurrence of ring boundaries. Many of these sporadic and nonperiodical growth rings are linked with traumatic events. The other four species have distinct growth rings and were classified within the types 1B, 1D, 8 and 11, descript by Carlquist (2001). The type 1B was observed in P. micracantha and D. frutescens, and related to the reduction of vessel diameter from earlywood to latewood and the other cell types unaffected. The type 1D was observed in P. adiantoides, S. tenuifolia and D. frutescens, it is related to reduction of vessel diameter and imperforate traqueary elements from earlywood to latewood, this may be associated with the feature radially flattened latewood cells. The type 8 may be applicable to P. micracantha and P. adiantoides, which some samples have much wider vessels in earlywood than in latewood. The type 11, related to marginal parenchyma and vessel elements change from wide to narrow, can be associated to four species with distinct growth rings, because all of them show marginal parenchyma and present semi-ring porosity. Categorize the subtypes of the type 11 was not possible, because the period of formation of marginal parenchyma was not investigated. The more evident anatomical features of growth rings for species with distinct growth ring are: semi-ring porosity, fibrous zone, marginal parenchyma and radially flattened cell in latewood. The species with cambial variant also have traumatic canals and pith flecks delimiting some growth boundaries, this caused by natural wounding. Some features are not
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Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botâ
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III ANATOMIA DO LENHO E DENDROCRONO
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V A meus pais Arno (in memorium) e
Page 7 and 8:
VII Aos grandes amigos parceiros de
Page 9 and 10: IX ABSTRACT The lianas represent a
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUÇÃO GERAL Nas florestas do
Page 13 and 14: 3 Apesar das vantagens dos vasos gr
Page 15 and 16: 5 REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA Lianas Hi
Page 17 and 18: 7 A notável largura dos elementos
Page 19 and 20: 9 Dendrocronologia Pesquisas sobre
Page 21 and 22: 11 ARTIGO 1 Anatomia do lenho de oi
Page 23 and 24: 13 ABSTRACT (Wood anatomy of eight
Page 25 and 26: 15 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS As coletas f
Page 27 and 28: 17 RESULTADOS Senegalia grandistipu
Page 29 and 30: 19 Senegalia martiusiana (Steud.) S
Page 31 and 32: 21 Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britto
Page 33 and 34: 23 Piptadenia micracantha Benth. (F
Page 35 and 36: 25 Todas as espécies estudadas apr
Page 37 and 38: 27 agrupadas (Fig. 15). Piptadenia
Page 39 and 40: 29 Na maioria das espécies em estu
Page 41 and 42: 31 histoquímicos e foi confirmada
Page 43 and 44: 33 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradecemos ao In
Page 45 and 46: 35 Putz, F.E. & Mooney, H.A. 1991.
Page 47 and 48: 37 Figuras 1 a 4 - Visão microscó
Page 49 and 50: 39 Figuras 9 a 12 - Visão do plano
Page 51 and 52: 41 Figura 15 - Análise de agrupame
Page 53 and 54: 43 ABSTRACT The anatomical features
Page 55 and 56: 45 1991). Two liana censuses develo
Page 57 and 58: 47 Pro Plus version 3.0 for Windows
Page 59: 49 Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britto
Page 63 and 64: 53 In the last decades the knowledg
Page 65 and 66: 55 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the In
Page 67 and 68: 57 Détienne P. 1989. Appearance an
Page 69 and 70: 59 Richter HG, Dallwitz MJ. 2000 on
Page 72: 62 Figure 1: Transverse sections in
Page 75: 65 Figure 3: Transverse sections in
Page 78 and 79: 68 ARTIGO 3 Crescimento secundário
Page 80 and 81: 70 INTRODUÇÃO Desde o final do s
Page 82 and 83: 72 MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS O estudo fo
Page 84 and 85: 74 RESULTADOS As quatro espécies e
Page 86 and 87: 76 DISCUSSÃO Foi observado neste e
Page 88 and 89: 78 No presente trabalho, quando ana
Page 90 and 91: 80 Lorimer, C.G., Dahir, S.E. & Sin
Page 92 and 93: 82 Figuras 2 a 5 - Lesões realizad
Page 94 and 95: 84 2,00 2000,00 Índice 1,00 0,00 -
Page 96 and 97: 86 60 50 A milímetros 40 30 20 10
Page 98 and 99: 88 A dendrocronologia, por sua vez,
Page 100 and 101: 90 Carlquist, S. 1988. Comparative
Page 102 and 103: 92 Gentry, A.H. 1985. An ecotaxonom
Page 104: 94 Trouet, V., Haneca, K., Coppin,
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