anatomia do lenho e dendrocronologia de lianas da famÃlia ...

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54 species of Machaerium (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) was studied and presented cambial seasonality (Leon-Gómez & Monroy-Ata, 2005). The changes in anatomical structure, which produces growth rings, are a dynamic process affected by many ecological factors (Wimmer, 2002). Some factors that make cyclic responses in tree growth are: water supply; temperature; photoperiod; light intensity; and phenological behaviors, which control or are controlled by hormones (Amobi, 1974; Mariaux, 1981; Tomlinson & Longman, 1981; Carlquist, 2001). Borchert (1999) detect that the phenology and cambial activity is affected by rainfall seasonality in tree species growing in dry sites, and most of them have annual growth rings. In brevideciduous and evergreen species the consecutive reduction in correlation of phenology and cambium activity with climatic seasonality was noticed. These factors may act in lianas and produce growth responses; making distinct growth rings or producing growth rings of sporadic occurrence, as observed in this study. The results obtained by this study demonstrate that P. micracantha, P. adiantoides, S. tenuifolia and D. frutescens might be used for further dendrochronological studies. Because the very clear rings visible under microscopy and macroscopy, which are fundamental to enable a precise count and width measurement. Several species of the same genus or the same species are used or indicated in literature for growth rings researches, e.g. Piptadenia excelsa (Grau et al., 2003), Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (Amobi, 1974), D. frutescens and four Piptadenia species (Alves & Angyalossy-Alfonso, 2000), Acacia species (Gourlay, 1995a, 1995b; Eshete & Stahl, 1999). Senegalia grandistipula, S. lacerans, S. martiusiana and S. pedicellata from Itatiaia are species with cambial variants and they should not be used in dendrochronologic studies, because the rings are of sporadic occurrence. However, these species taken from places with more drastic environmental change around year can make distinct growth rings with frequent occurrence, showing that more studies with this species from other ranges are required.
55 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Programa Mata Atlântica and CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for financial support; the Laboratório de Botânica Estrutural do Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro for logistic support; the Dra. Maura da Cunha by suggestions on manuscript. REFERENCES Alves ES, Angyalossy-Alfonso V. 2000. Ecological trends in the wood anatomy of some Brazilian species. 1. Growth rings and vessels. International Association of Wood Anatomists Journal 21: 3-30. Amobi CC. 1974. Periodicity of wood formation in twigs of some tropical trees in Nigeria. Annals of Botany 38: 931-936. Araque OZ, De Pernía NE, León WJ. 2000. Estudio anatómico del leño de seis especies de lianas. Revista Forestal Venezolana 44: 39-48. Baas P, Schweingruber FH. 1987. Ecological trends in the wood anatomy of trees, shrubs and climbers from Europe. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin 8: 245- 274. Bamber RK, Ter Welle BJH. 1994. Adaptative trends in the wood anatomy of lianas. In: Iqbal M, ed. Growth Patterns in Vascular Plants. Portland: Dioscorides Press, 272-287. Barros CF, Callado CH. 1997. Madeiras da Mata Atlântica – Anatomia do lenho de espécies ocorrentes nos remanescentes florestais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Vol. I. Brazil: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Barros CF, Callado CH, Marcon ML, Costa CG, Cunha M, Lima HRP, Marquete O. 2001. Madeiras da Mata Atlântica – Anatomia do lenho de espécies ocorrentes nos remanescentes florestais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Vol. II. Brazil: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Boninsegna JA, Villalba R, Amarilla L, Ocampo J. 1989. Studies on tree rings, growth rates and age-size relationships of tropical tree species in Missiones, Argentina. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin n.s. 10: 161-169. Borchert R. 1999. Climatic periodicity, phenology and cambium activity in tropical dry forest trees. International Association of Wood Anatomists Journal 20: 239-247.
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Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botâ
Page 3 and 4:
III ANATOMIA DO LENHO E DENDROCRONO
Page 5 and 6:
V A meus pais Arno (in memorium) e
Page 7 and 8:
VII Aos grandes amigos parceiros de
Page 9 and 10:
IX ABSTRACT The lianas represent a
Page 11 and 12:
INTRODUÇÃO GERAL Nas florestas do
Page 13 and 14: 3 Apesar das vantagens dos vasos gr
Page 15 and 16: 5 REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA Lianas Hi
Page 17 and 18: 7 A notável largura dos elementos
Page 19 and 20: 9 Dendrocronologia Pesquisas sobre
Page 21 and 22: 11 ARTIGO 1 Anatomia do lenho de oi
Page 23 and 24: 13 ABSTRACT (Wood anatomy of eight
Page 25 and 26: 15 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS As coletas f
Page 27 and 28: 17 RESULTADOS Senegalia grandistipu
Page 29 and 30: 19 Senegalia martiusiana (Steud.) S
Page 31 and 32: 21 Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britto
Page 33 and 34: 23 Piptadenia micracantha Benth. (F
Page 35 and 36: 25 Todas as espécies estudadas apr
Page 37 and 38: 27 agrupadas (Fig. 15). Piptadenia
Page 39 and 40: 29 Na maioria das espécies em estu
Page 41 and 42: 31 histoquímicos e foi confirmada
Page 43 and 44: 33 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradecemos ao In
Page 45 and 46: 35 Putz, F.E. & Mooney, H.A. 1991.
Page 47 and 48: 37 Figuras 1 a 4 - Visão microscó
Page 49 and 50: 39 Figuras 9 a 12 - Visão do plano
Page 51 and 52: 41 Figura 15 - Análise de agrupame
Page 53 and 54: 43 ABSTRACT The anatomical features
Page 55 and 56: 45 1991). Two liana censuses develo
Page 57 and 58: 47 Pro Plus version 3.0 for Windows
Page 59 and 60: 49 Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britto
Page 61 and 62: 51 DISCUSSION Distinct growth rings
Page 63: 53 In the last decades the knowledg
Page 67 and 68: 57 Détienne P. 1989. Appearance an
Page 69 and 70: 59 Richter HG, Dallwitz MJ. 2000 on
Page 72: 62 Figure 1: Transverse sections in
Page 75: 65 Figure 3: Transverse sections in
Page 78 and 79: 68 ARTIGO 3 Crescimento secundário
Page 80 and 81: 70 INTRODUÇÃO Desde o final do s
Page 82 and 83: 72 MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS O estudo fo
Page 84 and 85: 74 RESULTADOS As quatro espécies e
Page 86 and 87: 76 DISCUSSÃO Foi observado neste e
Page 88 and 89: 78 No presente trabalho, quando ana
Page 90 and 91: 80 Lorimer, C.G., Dahir, S.E. & Sin
Page 92 and 93: 82 Figuras 2 a 5 - Lesões realizad
Page 94 and 95: 84 2,00 2000,00 Índice 1,00 0,00 -
Page 96 and 97: 86 60 50 A milímetros 40 30 20 10
Page 98 and 99: 88 A dendrocronologia, por sua vez,
Page 100 and 101: 90 Carlquist, S. 1988. Comparative
Page 102 and 103: 92 Gentry, A.H. 1985. An ecotaxonom
Page 104: 94 Trouet, V., Haneca, K., Coppin,
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