34 H. GROZAvariabilitate variabilităţii atinse prin recombinare, ea fiind recomandatădoar în cazul necesităţii îmbunătăţirii producţiei unei populaţii provenitădin autofecundare necesitată <strong>de</strong> alte scopuri <strong>de</strong> ameliorare (rezistenţe,amidon etc.).MUTAGENESIS AS A TOOL IN POTATO BREED1NG WHERE THEF1RST A1M 1S A H1GH YIELD1NG ABILITYSUMMARYA question was asked : by what method can be obtained a favourable cummulationof suitable micromutations in the complex of major and minor genes responsablefor the expression of the yielding ability, in or<strong>de</strong>r to get better resultsthan those usually got using hybridisation only'? Tuber eyes (difficulty of themethod: high frequence of chimeras) and true seeds (difficulty: i<strong>de</strong>ntification ofthe origin of thenew genotypes performed) were irradiated by X-rays, The conclusionconsisted in tho good efficacy of the irmdiation of the iubers; taking inaccount a coefficient of chimaera "stabilization", the seleetion may be practicallybegun even in the second vegetative generation (vX) with a big chance of success(tables 1,2,3,4), The results of the potato breeding - by mutations in a vegetativematerial firstly <strong>de</strong>pend on the radiospecificity of the material (ploidical leveI2x 01' 4x - tables 5 and 6 ; varieHes) and only secondly <strong>de</strong>pend on the irradiationdose (un<strong>de</strong>r LD-50) and the mutagenous treatment (the dose of 2400 R bldivi<strong>de</strong>din two generations has a much higher effect than the entire dose - tables 7and 8). The mutageneous treatment must be differentiated in accordance to thecharacter (aspect) un<strong>de</strong>r observation. The X-rays have not induced in seedlings ahigher variability (statistioally significant) than the method of crosses but theyhave in comparison with the method of inbreeding (F:l 1~, tiables 9 and 10),MUTAGENES1S IN DER KARTOFFELZtJCHTUNG FUR HOHELEISTUNGSFAH1GKEITZUSAMMENFASSUNGMan hat die Frage gestellt: mit welchen Arbeitsmetho<strong>de</strong>n konnte man einegtinstige Akkumulation von Mikromutationen erhalten in <strong>de</strong>r Genkonstellationentsprechend <strong>de</strong>r Ausprăgung <strong>de</strong>r Leistungsfăhigkeit, zwecks Erhaltung bessererErgebnisse als die, die nul' mit Rilfe <strong>de</strong>r Kreuzung erzeugt wer<strong>de</strong>n kănnen. Manhat. Knollenaugen (Schwierigkeit <strong>de</strong>r Metho<strong>de</strong>: hohe Chimăriegrad) und Samen(Schwierigkeit: I<strong>de</strong>ntifizierung <strong>de</strong>r genauen Herkunft <strong>de</strong>r neuen Genotypen Răntgestmhlembehaln<strong>de</strong>ilt) bestrahlt. Diex-Bestrahlung <strong>de</strong>r Knollen ist wirksam; wennman <strong>de</strong>n Stabilisierungskoeffizient <strong>de</strong>r Chimăren in Betr-acht zieht, kann man dicAuslese sogar mit <strong>de</strong>r zwe1ten vegetatiunen generation vX" beginnen! (Tab. 1, 2, 3, 4).OeI' Erfolg <strong>de</strong>r Kartoffelztichtung durch Muiationen an- vegetativem Material istzuerst von <strong>de</strong>r Radiospezifizităt (Ploidiegrad, Sorte usw. Tab. 5, 6) und nul' zweitensvon <strong>de</strong>r Dosis (unter LD 50) und Art <strong>de</strong>r Bestrahlung (Dosis 2.400 R bifraktioniertin <strong>de</strong>n zwei nachfolgen<strong>de</strong>n Generationen ist optimal - Tab. 7, 8)abhăngig. Die Bestrahlungsweise muss diffcrenziert wer<strong>de</strong>n nach <strong>de</strong>n zu verbe:>sern<strong>de</strong>n Aspekten o<strong>de</strong>I' Char.aktere. Diex-Bestrahlung <strong>de</strong>r Samen hat nicht clieerwilnschte Vari:abilităt gegeben im Vergleich <strong>de</strong>r Variabilitătdie nul' durch Rekombinationerhalten wur<strong>de</strong>, ausser <strong>de</strong>r Population <strong>de</strong>r doppelten Inzucht F 3 = 1 2(Tab. 9, 10).
MUTAGENEZÂ - CREARE DE SOIURt 35MCrrOJIb30BAHME MYTArEHE3A nPH C03~AHI1J1 H013bIX COPTOBHAPTOcDEJIH C I10BhIIIIEHHblM ITOTEHL~HAJIOMYPOi-RAHHOCTI1PESIOII'iEC'l'amiTCH 130rrpoC: IWl,HM MeToi~oM MOiHHO ~06H'rbCH rrO~IOiHIITeJIbIIOrO HaHOrrJIeHHH qeHHhIx MHfi:poMyTaqni1 13 lwM6HHalUIH OCHOBHhIX H 13TopoCTerreHHhIx reH, ytIaCTBYWLI~HX 13 rroTeHI~naJIe yp0;1i:aliHOCTII p;;;rH IIOJIytIeHHH 13 CeJIel\IJ;HH HapToeI)eJIH JIyT.IIlIHXpeay.!IhTaTOB tIeM JIo.T1:YQae:Yfhre rry'reM TO.J1bHO ~IHmb op;noro CKell~l'IBaHHH?I1pHMeHHJIHpeHTreUOBC1\Oe o6.'ryLleuHe I\~Ia3I\OB }\.Tfy6Fleti (3aTpY~HeIHI8: pe3l\O BbIpumeHuUH XHMepa)11 ceMfIH (ilaTpy,J,HGHHe: TOLIHoe orrpe;~e.;18[nrenpoHcxom,J,eHluI H013hIX reHOTIIII013).YCTaIICBJleHa Dqlepe}{TIIBHOCTb 06.nYQeHI1fI EJIyoneit, TUW'H8 II B031HOrIUIOC'rb rrpaETHtIeCHOrOHatIUJIa O'l'Qopa, ylIHThIBun npH ;)'l'OM I\03ept.PII1V1eHT ,,::ial\pOl1JleHl'IH" xHMepHHrrpnpo,J,hI YiHe 11 nOI:O.l:eHHH VX 2 , C ;r:t:ocra1'o'IHO 60JIbllHIMH maHcaMH Ha ycnex (Ta6JI.1, 2, 3, 4). Pe3YJTbTUThI CeJIeI-\I~nlI nyTeM MY'l'aI~Htt 3 a BIICfI'l' 13 rrepnyw OtIGpe,n;b, 0'1'pa;.l)IOCneI~H())WIHoc'rrr paC1'1I'f'e.J:bHoro M8.TC pHaJIa (YPODefIb rr.TJ:on;~HOCTU 2-x HJIH 4-x'l'a6JI. 5 11 6 lIJIH n:c OI' capTa E, 130 BTOţ.lYlO otIepe;\b 0'1' BemI"'HIHhI gO:::lbI (MeHhllIe.iI)]; 50), TaI-(HW IT 0'1' OCOOeHJIOCTetI oilpaGonaI (onrppamnfOHIlafI l~oca 2400 p Ha lIpO'l'H)f\eHHH O~Horo nOh:OJreTIHH HIWfIeTCH nUnOOJIe8 8t.PepeE'rnDIfoM, TaOjl. ? H 8). Q6paGOTHa MyTareHollI ;~mP1)ep(n-II(mlpyeTcH B BaBI1CHMOCTH 0'1' meJIaT8JIbflOrO npII3HaKa.OOJlyrrcHHe ceMHH He )~a]IO )(OCTOBepHOI'O yneJIIFICHUH 1If3M:lH'-IHBOCTIT. rro cpaBHeHHIoc II3~IeHqH130CTblO ,n;OCTHl'Hy'f'ofI rryTeM pel-lOMOHHaU)UI, tIeM TI TIOIIYJ[fII~mI ;~Bol1:Horoa13TOonJIO~OTBOpeHHH F J = Il (Tau.!. 9, 10).BIBLIOGRAFIEASSEEVA. T.V.. IASINA. LM., 1968 : Vcghetativnie mutaţii kartofelea. Ghenetika,4(3). CATELLY, T., GROZA, II.. 1972: Variabilitatea caracterului <strong>de</strong> dinamicaformării producţiei în populaţii hibri<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> cartof. Anale LC.C.S. Braşov, Cartoiul,3. CONSTANTINESCU, E., 1969: Ameliorarea cal'tofului. Cartaful (red.E. CONSTANTINESCU). Ed. Agrosilvicci Bucureşti. DUBININ. N.P.. 1966: Induţirovanniemutaţii i selekţiia. Selsk. hoz. Biol., 1(2). FERWEHDA. F.P., 1955: Mutageniceffects of X-rays and ethyl-methane sulfonate on potato sprouts. Use ofmutations in pl. breeding, FAO-Rorna, 1964, Press. GREGORY, W.C.,1966 : Mutation breeding, FI. Breed. Symp. Ioyva Univ. (ed .K.I. irey), Iowa St.Univ. Press, Ames. Iowa.. GROZA, H .. 1073: ]\.lmatli la cartof. PrDbJ. GCIlet. teoret.aplic., 5(5). GROZA, H., 1976: Elemente <strong>de</strong> dinamica formării productiei <strong>de</strong> cartof.Anale LC.C.S. Braşov, Cartoful, 6. HARTEN. A.M. VAN, 1969: Prob12me undPcrspektivon <strong>de</strong>r MutationszLichtung bei <strong>de</strong>r Kartoffel. Bericht Arbeitstag 1969:Arbeitsgomein Saatzuchtleiter, Gumpenstein, 8952 Irdl'.ing Ostorreich. HARTEN,A.M. VAN, BOUTER, H., 1973: Dihaploid potatoes in mutation breeding - somepreliminary results. Euphytica, 22(1). HEIKEN, A., 1960: Spontaneous and X-rayinducedaberrations in Solanum tuberosum L. Acta Acad. Reg. Scient. Upsaliensis,Almovist & Wiksall-Stockholm. HOWARD, H. W.. 1960: Potata cytology andgenetics, Bibl. Genetica XIX: 87-216, Martinus Nijhoff, Haga. HO\NARD, H.W.,1964: The use of X-rays in investigating potato chimeras. Radiation Botany, 4.HOWARD. H.W.. 1970: Genetics of potato, Solanum tuberosum. Logos Press Ltd.,London. L\.SINA. I.M., KIRSANOVA, E.V., 196G: Polucenie nosledstvennîh izmC'nenii u kartofelea pri vozicistni gamma luciami. Ghenetika, 1. KLOPFER, K.,1965: Erfolgreiche experimentelle Entmischungen und Umlagerungen periklinalchimărischerKartoffelknole. ZLichter, 35(5). KUKLM:URA, H., 1972: Effect ofgamma-rays on segregation ratios in potato families. Potata Research, 15(2).MARIS, B.,1969: Studies on maturity yield, un<strong>de</strong>I' water weight and some otho1'charachters of potato progenees. Euphytica, 18. PLAISTED, R., CUBlLLOS, A.,1972: 8election of parents on basis of components of yield. American Potato J.,49(5). PRAKKEN, R.. 1959: Induced mutation. Euphytica. 8(3). RUDORF, W.,WOHRMANN, K., 1963: Versuche zur AuslOsung von Mutationen du1'ch C06o-Bestrahlungauf vorgetriebene Augenkeime bei <strong>de</strong>r Kartoffel. Z. Pil. ZUcht., 49(4).
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