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2. Ñêîðîñòü íóëåâûõ êîëåáàíèé àòîìîâ
Åñòåñòâåííî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî êâàíòîâàííûå
íóëåâûå êîëåáàíèÿ àòîìîâ ãàðìîíè÷íû è äëÿ
íèõ õàðàêòåðíî ðàâåíñòâî êèíåòè÷åñêîé è ïîòåíöèàëüíîé
ýíåðãèè:
(142)
M 4 ̂v 0
2
2
− e2
a B
a 6 Bn 2 = 0,
çäåñü M 4 - ìàññà àòîìà ãåëèÿ, ̂v 0 - ñðåäíÿÿ ñêîðîñòü
àòîìîâ ïðè ãàðìîíè÷åñêèõ êîëåáàíèÿõ.
Îòñþäà ïîñëå íåñëîæíûõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé ïîëó÷àåì:
{ } n
(143) ̂v 0 = cα 3 ,
n 0
ãäå ââåäåíî îáîçíà÷åíèå
(144) n 0 = α2
a 3 B
√
M4
2m e
.
Ïðè ðàâåíñòâå åäèíèöå âûðàæåíèÿ â ôèãóðíîé
ñêîáêå:
(145)
èìååì
n
n 0
= 1
(146) ̂v 0 = cα 3 ∼ = 116.5 m/s.
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