Skogsstatistisk årsbok 2003.pdf - Skogsstyrelsen

SUMMARY16 International statisticsThere are about 3.87 billion ha of forest in the world, which makes up about one-third ofthe total land area. The world average of forest area per person is 0.6 ha.Three-fifths of the world’s forests are located in only eight countries: Russia, Brazil, Canada,the United States, China, Australia, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Indonesia.The total volume of the global growing stock is estimated at 386 billion cubic metres. Abouttwo-fifths of this world’s growing stock is in Russia and Brazil.The net-change in the world’s forests from 1990 to 2000 was estimated at 9 millionhectares. Most of the forest losses were in the tropics, mainly in Africa and Latin America at5.3 and 3.7 million hectares per year, respectively. There was a slight increase in forest areain Europe and North America. The total global production of l roundwood has increasedfrom 2,342 million m 3 in 1961 to 3,310 million m 3 in 2001. In developing countries 80per cent of the roundwood was used as woodfuel. In developed countries it was mainly usedfor industrial roundwood (85 per cent).In 2001, half of the total export of industrial roundwood, chips, particles and wood residueswas dominated by five countries: Russia, the United States, Germany, Australia andMalaysia. The Australian export mainly consisted of chips, particles and wood residues.Malaysia is world’s leading exporter of tropical wood.In 2001, five countries could be held accountable for about 56 per of the total import ofindustrial roundwood,chips, particles and wood residues: Japan, China, Sweden, Finlandand Canada. The world’s largest importer was Japan with 23 per cent of the total volume.The total production of the world’s sawnwood in 2001 was 271 million m 3 coniferous and106 million m 3 non-coniferous. The developed countries accounted for 88 per cent of theproduction of coniferous sawnwood and for 45 per cent of the non-coniferous sawnwood.Total exports of coniferous sawnwood was 90 million m 3 , of which Sweden accounted for11 million m 3 .In 2001, an increase in defoliation is being seen over some areas of Europe. This is mainlydue to air pollution,weather conditions, as well as insect and fungi attacks.Nearly everyfourth tree was classed as damaged, that is defoliation was more than 25 %.This chapter gives a review of the forest resources(forest area and growing stock etc.), removals,consumption and production of forest productsand international trade in such products. Thecoverage of the international situation is quitefragmentary due to the great variation in qualityand coverage that signifies international foreststatistics. Most of the reports are published byFAO (Rome) and FAO/ECE Secretariat (Geneva).The global forest resources assessment of theindustrialized temperate/boreal countries (TBFRA2000) was compiled jointly by the FAO/ECESecretariat.The global forest resources assessmentfor the tropical countries and summary wascomplied by FAO. For the developing countriesthe focus has been on the assessment of areachange. The focus on industrialized countries hasbeen on information related to structure and useof the forest (tables 16.1 to 16.4 and figures 16.1to 16.3).Data on removals in different countries (table16.5) is collected through FAO questionnairesand published in the FAO´s Yearbook of Forest315