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«áàëëàñòíîãî» êðåìíèÿ è íåçíà÷èòåëüíûì íàêîïëåíèåìýëåìåíòîâ-áèîôèëîâ ôîñôîðà, êàëüöèÿ, à òàêæåìàðãàíöà. À òàê êàê ñîñíà, åëü è ëèñòâåííèöà ÿâëÿþòñÿïðåäñòàâèòåëÿìè áëèçêèõ ðîäîâ îäíîãî è òîãî æå ñåìåéñòâàñîñíîâûõ êëàññà õâîéíûõ, òî ìîæíî äîïóñòèòü,÷òî àäàïòàöèîííûå ïðèçíàêè äëÿ ñîñíû è åëè áóäóòèìåòü òå æå òåíäåíöèè êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî ñîäåðæàíèÿêðåìíèÿ è çîëüíûõ âåùåñòâ, ÷òî è ó ëèñòâåííèöû.Òîãäà îòêðûâàåòñÿ âîçìîæíîñòü íàèáîëåå íàä¸æíîãî èáûñòðîãî ïîäáîðà çà ïðåäåëàìè Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâàáîëåå ïðèåìëåìûõ âûñîêîàäàïòèâíûõ êëèìàòèïîâ ñîñíûè åëè. Äëÿ ýòîãî ïîòðåáóåòñÿ âñåãî ëèøü îáùåïðèíÿòûìèëàáîðàòîðíûìè ìåòîäàìè îïðåäåëèòü çîëüíûéñîñòàâ ñåìÿí, ïîäáèðàåìûõ äëÿ èíòðîäóêöèè êëèìàòèïîâ.Íà ýòîé æå îñíîâå ìîæíî ïðîâåñòè àäàïòàöèîííûåèññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîñåâíîãî ìàòåðèàëà èíîðàéîííîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ,èñïîëüçîâàíèå êîòîðîãî ðàíåå â óñëîâèÿõñóáàðêòè÷åñêîãî êëèìàòà òàåæíîé çîíû Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâàïîñòîÿííî ïðèâîäèëî ê îòðèöàòåëüíûì ðåçóëüòàòàì,î ÷¸ì áûëî ñêàçàíî âûøå.Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïðîáëåìà àäàïòàöèè õâîéíûõ ïîðîäðàçëè÷íîãî ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ â ñîñòàâåëåñíûõ êóëüòóð ê óñëîâèÿì ñóáàðêòè÷åñêîãî êëèìàòàòàåæíîé çîíû Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà íà äàííîìýòàïå èññëåäîâàíèé òîëüêî îáîçíà÷åíà è òðåáóåò äàëüíåéøåéïðîðàáîòêè êàê àëüòåðíàòèâíîé îñíîâû ïîâûøåíèÿêà÷åñòâà ëåñîâîññòàíîâèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò íà ÊîëüñêîìÑåâåðå.1. Áåëåöêèé È. Á. Ïëîäîíîøåíèå ñîñíû íà Êîëüñêîì ïîëóîñòðîâå.— Ìóðìàíñêîå êíèæíîå èçäàòåëüñòâî, 1968. — Ñ. 4.2. Íàêâàñèíà Å. Í., Áåäðèöêàÿ Ò. Â. Ñåìåííûå ïëàíòàöèè ñåâåðíûõýêîòèïîâ ñîñíû îáûêíîâåííîé. — Àðõàíãåëüñê, èçä-âîÏÃÓ, 1999. — Ñ. 8.3. Ôåäîðêîâ À. Ë. Àäàïòàöèÿ õâîéíûõ ê ñòðåññîâûì óñëîâèÿìÊðàéíåãî Ñåâåðå. — Åêàòåðèíáóðã, 1999. — Ñ. 55 – 84.4. Ïàäàëêî Â. Â, Ïåðåòðóõèíà À. Ò., Îâ÷èííèêîâà Ñ. È., ÏåêóøÍ. È., Øàøêîâà Ë. Â. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû ïîâûøåíèÿóñòîé÷èâîñòè ñîçäàâàåìûõ ëåñíûõ íàñàæäåíèé â óñëîâèÿõ ïðèáðåæíûõçîí Êîëüñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà // Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå îñíîâûóñòîé÷èâîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ïðèáðåæíûõ ìîðñêèõ ýêîñèñòåì. Òåçèñûäîêëàäîâ Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè: Àïàòèòû, 2001. —Ñ. 178 – 179.5. Íèêîíîâ Â. Â., Ñèçîâ È. È. Îá àäàïòàöèîííûõ ñïîñîáíîñòÿõëèñòâåííèöû (Larix Mill.) íà Êîëüñêîì Ñåâåðå. — Ë.: Èçä-âî«Íàóêà», 1987. — Ñ. 96 – 105. Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñàä ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, fterry@mail.ru Èçó÷åíèå àäàïòèâíîé ìîðôîãåíåòè÷åñêîé äèâåðñèôèêàöèèïðè ñìåíå ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé èìååò ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîåçíà÷åíèå äëÿ îöåíêè ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãîñîñòîÿíèÿ, óñòîé÷èâîñòè è ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè ðàñòèòåëüíûõñîîáùåñòâ, à òàêæå ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ âîçìîæíûõòðàíñôîðìàöèé ýêîñèñòåì â óñëîâèÿõ ãëîáàëüíîãî èçìåíåíèÿêëèìàòà. Èçìåíåíèå ëèñòîâûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ âçàâèñèìîñòè îò óñëîâèé ñðåäû ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç íàïðàâëåíèéýêîëîãè÷åñêîé àäàïòàöèè ôîòîñèíòåçà. Óìåíüøåíèåðàçìåðîâ ëèñòà ÷àñòî ñâÿçàíî ñ àäàïòàöèåé ëèñòîâîãîãàçîîáìåíà ê òåìïåðàòóðíîìó ðåæèìó (Givnish,1987), ïîñêîëüêó â ñóõèõ èëè õîëîäíûõ óñëîâèÿõ ðåäóöèðîâàííûåëèñòüÿ ïîâûøàþò ýôôåêòèâíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàíèÿâîäû çà ñ÷åò ìàêñèìàëüíîãî óâåëè÷åíèÿ ïîãëîùåíèÿÑÎ 2 îòíîñèòåëüíî òðàíñïèðàöèîííûõ ïîòåðü.Óâåëè÷åíèå ïëîùàäè ëèñòîâîé ïëàñòèíêè äàåò ïðåèìóùåñòâîâ õîðîøî óâëàæíåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ, ïðè ìèíèìàëüíîìâëèÿíèè òåìïåðàòóðû íà ãàçîîáìåí (Niinemets,et al., 2007). Â òî æå âðåìÿ, èçìåíåíèå ðàçìåðîâ è ôîðìûëèñòà ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì ôàêòîðîâ ñðåäû ÿâëÿþòñÿíåîäíîçíà÷íûìè, è ïî íàøåìó ìíåíèþ, ìîãóò çàâèñåòüîò ñâîéñòâ âèäà. Îïðåäåëåíèå çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé èçìåíåíèÿëèñòîâûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ äðåâåñíûõ âèäîâ âäîëü çîíàëüíî-êëèìàòè÷åñêèõòðàíñåêò, îòðàæàþùåãî äîëãîâðåìåííóþàäàïòàöèþ ôîòîñèíòåçà è âîäíîãî ðåæèìàðàñòåíèÿ ê óñëîâèÿì ñðåäû, ïîçâîëÿåò âûÿâèòü íàïðàâëåíèÿñòðóêòóðíîé àäàïòàöèè àññèìèëÿöèîííîãî àïïàðàòàê êëèìàòó.Â êà÷åñòâå îáúåêòîâ èññëåäîâàíèÿ áûëè âûáðàíûëåñîîáðàçóþùèå âèäû, øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå âÑåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâîäèëè â ïðèðîäíûõïîïóëÿöèÿõ Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Abiessibirica, Picea obovata, Larix sibirica, Pinus sibirica è Pinussylvestris, ëîêàëèçîâàííûõ âäîëü çîíàëüíî-êëèìàòè÷åñêîéòðàíñåêòû Óðàëà îáùåé ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ1000 êì, îõâàòûâàþùåé ïîäçîíû þæíîé, ñðåäíåé è ñåâåðíîéòàéãè. Îïðåäåëÿëè ðàçìåðû, òîëùèíó è óäåëüíóþïîâåðõíîñòíóþ ïëîòíîñòü ëèñòîâîé ïëàñòèíêè. Âêà÷åñòâå âíóòðåííåãî êîíòðîëÿ äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà ïðèíèìàëèçíà÷åíèÿ ëèñòîâûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê â îïòèìàëüíûõóñëîâèÿõ ïðîèçðàñòàíèÿ (â þæíî-òà¸æíîé ïîäçîíå).Äëÿ îöåíêè êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé èñïîëüçîâàëèñðåäíåìíîãîëåòíèå êîëè÷åñòâî îñàäêîâ, òåìïåðàòóðó èÀãðàðíàÿ Ðîññèÿ. <strong>2009</strong>. Ñïåöèàëüíûé âûïóñê 125
èíòåãðàëüíûé ïîêàçàòåëü êëèìàòà –êîýôôèöèåíòóâëàæíåíèÿ.Àíàëèç èçìåíåíèÿ êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ ïàðàìåòðîââäîëü çîíàëüíîé òðàíñåêòû ïîêàçàë, ÷òî â íàïðàâëåíèèñ þãà íà ñåâåð óìåíüøàåòñÿ ñðåäíåãîäîâàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà,óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ êîëè÷åñòâî îñàäêîâ, ïðè ýòîì êîýôôèöèåíòóâëàæíåíèÿ èìååò ìàêñèìàëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ âñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè òðàíñåêòû (1,6 – 2,3). Ñ÷èòàåòñÿ, ÷òî âðàéîíàõ c èçáûòî÷íûì óâëàæíåíèåì (êîýôôèöèåíòóâëàæíåíèÿ 1) áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü ìàëî çàâèñèòîò êîëè÷åñòâà îñàäêîâ (Èñà÷åíêî,1990).Îöåíêà èçìåíåíèÿ ðàçìåðîâ ëèñòîâîé ïëàñòèíêèâäîëü çîíàëüíîé òðàíñåêòû ïîêàçàëà, ÷òî çíà÷åíèÿ äàííîãîïàðàìåòðà çàâèñÿò îò ïîëîæåíèÿ ïîïóëÿöèè ïî îòíîøåíèþê êëèìàòè÷åñêîìó îïòèìóìó (ðèñ.
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ISSN 1999-5636Ñïåöèàëüíû
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2 Àãðàðíàÿ Ðîññèÿ. 20
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Ïðîâåäåíèå êîíôåðå
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âåíèå òàêèõ òåõíîã
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Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñàä Ó
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Íà ôîòî èíæåíåð ëåñ
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Ôîðìîâîå ðàçíîîáðà
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Äíèùà äîëèí. Àáñîëþ
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Ñõåìà ñîäåðæàíèÿ ï
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òåõíîëîãèÿõ ëåñîñå
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Áàøêèðñêèé ãîñóäàð
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ãè÷åñêîãî ïîòåíöèà
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ñòîÿííûõ ïðîáíûõ ï
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Ìîðôîìåòðè÷åñêèå ï
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ñîçäàåò õîðîøèå ïå
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Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ïîä
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Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì èññ
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Òàáëèöà 1. Ïðîöåíò ï
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1Èíñòèòóò áèîëîãèè
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Âûñîòà ëèñòâåííîãî
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90 è áîëåå ëåò. Ïîÿâë
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Ôèëèàë ÔÃÓ «ÂÍÈÈËÌ
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òåëüíî âûñîêàÿ èõ â
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ñåÿíöåâ, ñîîòâåòñò
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Ðèñ._1. Èçìåíåíèå ïð
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Âîçðàñòíàÿ ñòðóêòó
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Â öåëîì âñå òðè âèä
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Áàøêèðñêèé ãîñóäàð
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ñòå ñ òåì ðåçóëüòàò
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îñíîâàíèé ñòâîëîâ,
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1Âñåðîññèéñêèé ÍÈÈ
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äîâåäåíèÿ äî íóæä ê
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ëîêàëèçàöèÿ ñóõèõ
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Page 79 and 80: Èíòåíñèâíîñòü òðàí
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Page 87 and 88: 30 ñì, à íà ñåðåäèíå
Page 89 and 90: óñëîâèÿõ ïðè ñðåäí
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Page 93 and 94: Ðàñïîëîæåíèå äåðåâ
Page 95 and 96: íåíèÿ ëåñíûõ íàñàæ
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Page 107 and 108: òà ýòî ðàñòåíèå ñòà
Page 109 and 110: 1Ïåòðîçàâîäñêèé ãî
Page 111 and 112: Èíñòèòóò ëåñà èì. Â.
Page 113 and 114: Ðèñ._1. Ñðåäíèé äèàì
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Page 135 and 136: êîìïëåêñ (ÅÃÑÊ). Ìíî
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ñòàâëÿåìîé ÃËÖ. Â à
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Ïî âñòðå÷àåìîñòè ë
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Áàøêèðñêèé èíñòèòó
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Òàáëèöà 2. Ðåêîìåíä
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íûõ ñîåäèíåíèé àçî
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Èíñòèòóò áèîëîãèè
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çíà÷åíèÿ. Ïóíêò ïðî
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ëèêòîâûå ñîñíÿêè ó
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øàëî ÷åòûðåõ (300 - 600
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2. Êðàñíîùåêîâ Ã. Ï.
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15 IX 1942, À. Ïëåòíåâà
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æåðòâåííûõ ëóíîê, ñ
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Âåäóùèå ðîäû àëüãî
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Íîðìàòèâû ðåêðåàöè
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âåííûõ ñàíàòîðèåâ
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1979), ðàñïðåäåëåíèå
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Ðèñ. 1. Äèíàìèêà ãîä
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ëè÷åñòâà ðàñõîäóåì
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Ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü íàä
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Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñîñòà
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Âûõîä áåòóëèíà è ñó
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Âèäÿêèíà À. À., Ñåìå
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Êàøàïîâ Ð. Ø. Ãåîãðà
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