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Êîëè÷åñòâåííûå ïîêàçàòåëè ýëåìåíòîâ ëàíäøàôòíîé êîìïîçèöèèâ ñêâåðàõ è ïàðêàõ ãîðîäà Óôûùåñòâóþùèõ â ãîðîäå ïàðêîâ (17), ñàäîâ (5), ñêâåðîâ(93) è áóëüâàðîâ íå â ñîñòîÿíèè ïîëíîöåííî âûïîëíÿòüî÷èùàþùèå è çàùèòíûå ôóíêöèè.Îäíàêî, äëÿ óâåëè÷åíèÿ ïëîùàäè çåëåíûõ íàñàæäåíèéîáùåãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ â ã. Óôå åæåãîäíî âûñàæèâàåòñÿáîëåå 40 òûñÿ÷ äåðåâüåâ è êóñòàðíèêîâ (â 2007 ã.âûñàæåíî 68 ò. äåðåâüåâ è 30,5 ò. êóñòàðíèêîâ).Íà ïðèìåðå òåððèòîðèè ïàðêà èìåíè Â. È. Ëåíèíàìîæíî ñäåëàòü àíàëèç ñóùåñòâóþùåé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè,òàê êàê ýòî ìåñòî â ñàìîì öåíòðå ã. Óôû, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íà ñåãîäíÿøíèéäåíü îäíèì èç ñàìûõ óõîæåííûõ è îçåëåíåííûõ.Àíàëèçèðóÿ áàëàíñ òåððèòîðèè ïàðêà èì. Â. È. Ëåíèíàìîæíî ñäåëàòü âûâîä, ÷òî çåëåíûå íàñàæäåíèÿ çàíèìàþò65,25% îò îáùåé ïëîùàäè, öâåòíèêè — 2,1%,äîðîæêè è ïëîùàäêè — 32,65%, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ðåêîìåíäóåìûìíîðìàì.Â ñóùåñòâóþùåì íàñàæäåíèè ïàðêà áûë ïðîèçâåäåíàíàëèç òèïà ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé ñòðóêòóðû, ïî ðåçóëüòàòàìèññëåäîâàíèÿ, ìîæíî ñäåëàòü âûâîä, ÷òî íàòåððèòîðèè ïàðêà ïðåîáëàäàþò ïîëóîòêðûòûé (49%) èîòêðûòûé (46%) òèïû ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé ñòðóêòóðû.Íà òåððèòîðèè ïàðêà áûë ïðîâåäåí àíàëèç ãàçîóñòîé÷èâîñòèñóùåñòâóþùèõ äðåâåñíî-êóñòàðíèêîâûõðàñòåíèé (ïî Äåññëåðó) áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ïîðîä 36,4%÷óâñòâèòåëüíûå, 49,1% ãàçîóñòîé÷èâû, 0,7% î÷åíü ãàçîóñòîé÷èâû,÷òî ãîâîðèò î ïðàâèëüíîì ïîäáîðå àññîðòèìåíòà.Íà èññëåäóåìîé òåððèòîðèè áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü äðåâåñíî-êóñòàðíèêîâûõðàñòåíèé ïðåäñòàâëåíà ëèñòâåííûìèïîðîäàìè, êîòîðûå âûâîäÿò èç âîçäóõà ïûëü ýôôåêòèâíååõâîéíûõ, ñîçäàâàÿ ïðè ýòîì áëàãîïðèÿòíûåóñëîâèÿ äëÿ îòäûõà. Â ïàðêå èìåíè Â. È. Ëåíèíà íàáëþäàåòñÿîïòèìàëüíîå ñîîòíîøåíèå õâîéíûõ (25%) èëèñòâåííûõ (75%) ïîðîä.Ïðåîáëàäàþùåé ïîðîäîé â ñêâåðå èìåíè Â. È. Ëåíèíàÿâëÿåòñÿ ëèïà ìåëêîëèñòíàÿ (34,6%). Ïðèìåðíî âðàâíûõ ïðîöåíòíûõ ñîîòíîøåíèÿõ ïðèñóòñòâóþò áåðåçàáîðîäàâ÷àòàÿ (11,7) è ÿñåíü ëàíöåòíûé (14,2). Åëü êîëþ÷àÿè åëü îáûêíîâåííàÿ â èññëåäóåìîì îáúåêòå çàíèìàåòïî 9,5% è 9,4% ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Òàêèå ïîðîäû êàêðÿáèíà îáûêíîâåííàÿ, ëèñòâåííèöà Ñóêà÷åâà, ñîñíàîáûêíîâåííàÿ è áîÿðûøíèê êðîâàâî-êðàñíûé íà òåððèòîðèèñêâåðà âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ãîðàçäî ðåæå. Ýòà êàðòèíàõàðàêòåðíà äëÿ ìíîãèõ ãîðîäñêèõ ïàðêîâ.Àíàëèç ìàòåðèàëîâ ïîêàçàë, ÷òî íà òåððèòîðèèñêâåðîâ è ïàðêîâ ã. Óôû ïðåâàëèðóþò íàñàæäåíèÿ ñòàðøèõâîçðàñòîâ, êîëè÷åñòâî îäíîëåòíèõ öâåòîâ â ïàðêàõïðåâûøàåò êîëè÷åñòâî ìíîãîëåòíèõ ïðèìåðíî â 3 ðàçà,÷òî ãîâîðèò î äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ çàòðàòàõ ïðè åæåãîäíûõïîñàäêàõ.Â áàëàíñå òåððèòîðèè ïàðêà èì. Â. È. Ëåíèíà ïðåîáëàäàåòïîëóîòêðûòûé òèï ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé ñòðóêòóðû,ýòî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò îïòèìàëüíûì ïîêàçàòåëÿì, ðåêîìåíäóåìûìäëÿ òåððèòîðèé îáùåãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ. Áîëüøàÿ÷àñòü äðåâåñíî-êóñòàðíèêîâûõ ðàñòåíèé ïðåäñòàâëåíàëèñòâåííûìè ãàçîóñòîé÷èâûìè ïîðîäàìè, îäíàêîàññîðòèìåíò ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè íåîáõîäèìî ðàñøèðÿòüçà ñ÷åò êðàñèâîöâåòóùèõ êóñòàðíèêîâ è äåðåâüåâ ñíåîáû÷íîé àðõèòåêòîíèêîé êðîíû.Íåñîìíåííî, âîïðîñû, ðàññìîòðåííûå â òåçèñàõ,îõâàòûâàþò äàëåêî íå âåñü ñïåêòð ïðîáëåì, ñâÿçàííûõñ ãîðîäñêèì îçåëåíåíèåì. Ýòà òåìà òðåáóåò äàëüíåéøåãîðàçâèòèÿ è èññëåäîâàíèé, äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ðåêîìåíäàöèéêîíêðåòèçèðóþùèõ ïîðîäíûé ñîñòàâ âûðàùèâàåìîéðàñòèòåëüíîñòè, âèäû è êîëè÷åñòâî àãðîòåõíè÷åñêèõè ëåñîâîäñòâåííûõ óõîäîâ çà íàñàæäåíèÿìè. Áàøêèðñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ïåäàãîãè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò èì. Ì. Àêìóëëû, kulagin-aa@mail.ru Âåãåòàöèîííûå ýêñïåðèìåíòû íà äðåâåñíûõ ðàñòåíèÿâ ñîâðåìåííîé ïðàêòèêå äîñòàòî÷íî ðåäêè, îäíàêîèìåííî îíè ïîçâîëÿþò ïîëó÷àòü íàèáîëåå òî÷íóþ è äîñòîâåðíóþèíôîðìàöèþ î ñòåïåíè è îñîáåííîñòÿõ âëèÿíèÿîòäåëüíûõ ýêîòîêñèêàíòîâ íà ðàñòèòåëüíûé îðãàíèçì.Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâîäèëèñü íà ðàñòåíèÿõ òîïîëÿáàëüçàìè÷åñêîãî (Populus balsamifera L.), âûðàùåííûõèç äðåâåñíûõ ÷åðåíêîâ, çàãîòîâëåííûõ â ïîéìå ð. Äåìû(ëîêàëüíûå èñòî÷íèêè çàãðÿçíåíèÿ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäûîòñóòñòâóþò). ×åðåíêè âûðàùèâàëèñü â òåïëè÷íûõÀãðàðíàÿ Ðîññèÿ. <strong>2009</strong>. Ñïåöèàëüíûé âûïóñê 87
óñëîâèÿõ ïðè ñðåäíåé âëàæíîñòè 64,6+2,1%, òåìïåðàòóðå22,0+0,8 °Ñ, ïðè åñòåñòâåííîì ôîòîïåðèîäå. Òåìïåðàòóðàè âëàæíîñòü èçìåðÿëèñü êàæäûé äåíü â òå÷åíèåýêñïåðèìåíòà. Â âåãåòàöèîííûõ ñîñóäàõ ïîääåðæèâàëñÿïîñòîÿííûé îáúåì ðàñòâîðà (0,5 ëèòðà) ïóòåìäîëèâàíèÿ äèñòèëëèðîâàííîé âîäû äâà ðàçà â íåäåëþ.Ñðîêè ðàñïóñêàíèÿ ëèñòüåâ òîïîëÿ áàëüçàìè÷åñêîãî.Ïðè âûðàùèâàíèè ðàñòåíèé òîïîëÿ áàëüçàìè÷åñêîãîíà âîäíûõ ðàñòâîðàõ àöåòàòîâ ìåòàëëîâ íàáëþäàþòñÿðàçëè÷èÿ â ñðîêàõ ðàñïóñêàíèÿ ïåðâûõ ëèñòüåâ è õàðàêòåðåðàñïóñêàíèÿ ïî÷åê. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ñîëè Cu,Ñà è Na îêàçûâàþò íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå íà ðàñïóñêàíèåëèñòüåâ â íàèáîëüøåé ñòåïåíè. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òîÊ, Mg è Mn íåñêîëüêî ñòèìóëèðóþò ðàñïóñêàíèå ëèñòüåâòîïîëÿ áàëüçàìè÷åñêîãî. Ba, Zn è Pb íå îêàçûâàþòçíà÷èòåëüíîãî äåéñòâèÿ íà õàðàêòåð ðàñïóñêàíèÿ ëèñòüåâ.Õàðàêòåð ðîñòà ëèñòüåâ òîïîëÿ áàëüçàìè÷åñêîãî.Â õîäå èçó÷åíèÿ ðîñòà ëèñòüåâ óñòàíîâëåíû çíà÷èòåëüíûåðàçëè÷èÿ â õàðàêòåðå óâåëè÷åíèÿ ïëîùàäè ïîâåðõíîñòèëèñòîâîé ïëàñòèíêè. Íà ðèñ.
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ISSN 1999-5636Ñïåöèàëüíû
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2 Àãðàðíàÿ Ðîññèÿ. 20
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Ïðîâåäåíèå êîíôåðå
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âåíèå òàêèõ òåõíîã
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Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñàä Ó
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Íà ôîòî èíæåíåð ëåñ
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Ôîðìîâîå ðàçíîîáðà
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Äíèùà äîëèí. Àáñîëþ
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Ñõåìà ñîäåðæàíèÿ ï
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òåõíîëîãèÿõ ëåñîñå
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Áàøêèðñêèé ãîñóäàð
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ãè÷åñêîãî ïîòåíöèà
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ñòîÿííûõ ïðîáíûõ ï
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Ìîðôîìåòðè÷åñêèå ï
Page 37 and 38: ñîçäàåò õîðîøèå ïå
Page 39 and 40: Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ïîä
Page 41 and 42: Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì èññ
Page 43 and 44: Òàáëèöà 1. Ïðîöåíò ï
Page 45 and 46: 1Èíñòèòóò áèîëîãèè
Page 47 and 48: Âûñîòà ëèñòâåííîãî
Page 49 and 50: 90 è áîëåå ëåò. Ïîÿâë
Page 51 and 52: Ôèëèàë ÔÃÓ «ÂÍÈÈËÌ
Page 53 and 54: òåëüíî âûñîêàÿ èõ â
Page 55 and 56: ñåÿíöåâ, ñîîòâåòñò
Page 57 and 58: Ðèñ._1. Èçìåíåíèå ïð
Page 59 and 60: Âîçðàñòíàÿ ñòðóêòó
Page 61 and 62: Â öåëîì âñå òðè âèä
Page 63 and 64: Áàøêèðñêèé ãîñóäàð
Page 65 and 66: ñòå ñ òåì ðåçóëüòàò
Page 67 and 68: îñíîâàíèé ñòâîëîâ,
Page 69 and 70: 1Âñåðîññèéñêèé ÍÈÈ
Page 71 and 72: äîâåäåíèÿ äî íóæä ê
Page 73 and 74: ëîêàëèçàöèÿ ñóõèõ
Page 75 and 76: Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñàä-è
Page 77 and 78: ÷èíàÿ èçìåíÿòü öâå
Page 79 and 80: Èíòåíñèâíîñòü òðàí
Page 81 and 82: Êðàòêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñ
Page 83 and 84: Îöåíêà ïåðñïåêòèâí
Page 85 and 86: Òàêèì îáðàçîì, çàâè
Page 87: 30 ñì, à íà ñåðåäèíå
Page 91 and 92: Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñàä Ó
Page 93 and 94: Ðàñïîëîæåíèå äåðåâ
Page 95 and 96: íåíèÿ ëåñíûõ íàñàæ
Page 97 and 98: nus sylvestris L.) è ëèñòâå
Page 99 and 100: 1Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñàä-è
Page 101 and 102: ñòèõèéíîé ìíîãîëåò
Page 103 and 104: Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñàä-è
Page 105 and 106: — 43,7%, êîëè÷åñòâî ì
Page 107 and 108: òà ýòî ðàñòåíèå ñòà
Page 109 and 110: 1Ïåòðîçàâîäñêèé ãî
Page 111 and 112: Èíñòèòóò ëåñà èì. Â.
Page 113 and 114: Ðèñ._1. Ñðåäíèé äèàì
Page 115 and 116: Áàøêèðñêèé ãîñóäàð
Page 117 and 118: Ñðàâíèòåëüíîå èçó÷
Page 119 and 120: ýòîì óñòîé÷èâîñòü
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Page 125 and 126: Êîìèòåò ïî ëåñíîìó
Page 127 and 128: èíòåãðàëüíûé ïîêàç
Page 129 and 130: ÌÐÓ-2 èç ðàñ÷åòà 60 ê
Page 131 and 132: Ìóðìàíñêèé ãîñóäàð
Page 133 and 134: VarietyHealthy (H)/Infected(I)% Les
Page 135 and 136: êîìïëåêñ (ÅÃÑÊ). Ìíî
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Â ýòèõ âûáîðêàõ êîë
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äðåâåñíûõ âèäîâ, â
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ñîòåõíè÷åñêîé àêàä
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1. Ìóëäàøåâ A. A., Êó÷å
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ïåïòèäàçû (LAP, E. C. 3.4.
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ñ÷åò óâåëè÷åíèÿ ãå
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÷åðåø÷àòûé, êëåí îñ
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Ïëîòíîñòü è âëàæíî
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ðàäèàëüíîãî ðîñòà
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Ñðàâíåíèå ìîùíîñòè
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Èç áîëåçíåé â ïëîäî
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5. Ôåäîðîâà À. È. Âëè
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Ðèñ. 1. Ñåçîííàÿ äèí
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Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñàä-è
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âûáðîñîâ ïàðíèêîâû
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Â ñâåæèõ òèïàõ ìåñò
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Òåìíî-ñåðûå ïî÷âû î
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çîâ, ïîä÷åðêèâàÿ ðà
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Ôèëèàë ÔÃÓ «ÂÍÈÈËÌ
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ñòàâëÿåìîé ÃËÖ. Â à
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Ïî âñòðå÷àåìîñòè ë
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Áàøêèðñêèé èíñòèòó
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Òàáëèöà 2. Ðåêîìåíä
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íûõ ñîåäèíåíèé àçî
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Èíñòèòóò áèîëîãèè
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çíà÷åíèÿ. Ïóíêò ïðî
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ëèêòîâûå ñîñíÿêè ó
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øàëî ÷åòûðåõ (300 - 600
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2. Êðàñíîùåêîâ Ã. Ï.
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15 IX 1942, À. Ïëåòíåâà
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æåðòâåííûõ ëóíîê, ñ
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Âåäóùèå ðîäû àëüãî
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Íîðìàòèâû ðåêðåàöè
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âåííûõ ñàíàòîðèåâ
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1979), ðàñïðåäåëåíèå
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Ðèñ. 1. Äèíàìèêà ãîä
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ëè÷åñòâà ðàñõîäóåì
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Ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü íàä
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Áîòàíè÷åñêèé ñîñòà
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Âûõîä áåòóëèíà è ñó
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Âèäÿêèíà À. À., Ñåìå
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Êàøàïîâ Ð. Ø. Ãåîãðà
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