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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
„Sen Semoqmeds radgan qalad<br />
daubarebixar, Seni wesi es unda<br />
iyos: xmagakmendili Cumad iyo,<br />
aravis Sexedo, arsad waxvide, yurebi<br />
daixSe da Tvalebi daxuWe da<br />
ijeq, swavla ra Seni saqmeao...” _ ase<br />
aRwers barbare erisTavi-jorjaZe<br />
im periods, roca qalis uflebebi<br />
SezRuduli iyo da igi TiTqmis ar<br />
arsebobda. es iyo 1845 weli da<br />
maSin gavrcelebuli da miRebulic<br />
ki iyo adreuli asakSi qorwineba.<br />
axla 2019 welia. mas Semdeg 174<br />
weli gavida, Tumca arasrulwlovan<br />
asakSi Seqmnili ojaxi arc ise<br />
ucxoa CvenTvis.<br />
arasrulwlovanTa qorwineba<br />
problemaa, romelic saqarTvelosa<br />
da samxreT kavkasiis regionSi<br />
kvlav udides gamowvevad rCeba.<br />
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis,<br />
qveyanaSi adamianis uflebaTa<br />
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb yovelwliuri<br />
moxsenebis Tanaxmad, 2017 wlis<br />
monacemTan SedarebiT (835 arasrulwlovani<br />
mSobeli) adreuli<br />
qorwineba Semcirebulia, Tumca<br />
kvlav maRalia bavSvis dabadebisas<br />
18 wlamde miuRwevel mSobelTa<br />
raodenoba. angariSis mixedviT,<br />
2018 wels saqarTveloSi mSoblad<br />
715 arasrulwlovani deda da 23<br />
arasrulwlovani mama daregistrirda.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom kanonis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT 18 wlamde<br />
pirTa qorwinebis registracia sisxlis<br />
samarTlebriv aqtad miiCneva<br />
da oficialurad ar xorcieldeba,<br />
problemas warmoadgens faqtobrivi<br />
Tanacxovrebisa da araoficialuri<br />
qorwinebebis SemTxvevebi.<br />
angariSis mixedviT, adreuli<br />
qorwinebis gamo, saSualod, 300<br />
bavSvi weliwadSi skolas ver am-<br />
Tavrebs. 2017-2018 wlebSi 564 aTasi<br />
moswavlidan 381-ma gogonam da<br />
40-ma biWma ver miiRo sruli saSualo<br />
ganaTleba.<br />
arsebuli monacemebiT, 20-24<br />
wlis asakis qalTa 14% aRniSnavs,<br />
rom ojaxi 18 wlis asakamde Seqmna.<br />
vaJebSi xuTjer ufro naklebia<br />
adreuli qorwinebis SemTxvevebi.<br />
2017-2018 wlis adreuli qorwinebis<br />
saqarTvelos maCvenebeli (20%)<br />
evropaSi yvelaze maRalia da gasuli<br />
wlebis liderebs, moldovasa<br />
(18%) da TurqeTs (14%), uswrebs.<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom ar arsebobs<br />
zusti monacemebi adreuli qorwinebis<br />
Sesaxeb, radgan qorwineba-<br />
Ta umravlesoba ar aris registrirebuli.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, Tuki<br />
gaviTvaliswinebT araregistrirebuli<br />
qorwinebebis raodenobasac,<br />
unda vivaraudoT, rom es ricxvi<br />
araTu Semcirda, aramed gacilebiT<br />
maRalia.<br />
Tanamedrove adamiani Tavisufali<br />
da damoukidebelia, Sesabamisad,<br />
rodesac is iseT mniSvnelovan<br />
gadawyvetilebas iRebs, rogoric<br />
daqorwinebaa, umTavresad, sakuTar<br />
azrsa da grZnobebs eyrdnoba.<br />
siyvaruliT qorwineba warsulSi<br />
erTgvari fufuneba iyo, magram<br />
dRes arasrulwlovnebSi _ ojaxis<br />
Seqmnis upirvelesi da zogjer er-<br />
adreuli qorwinebis<br />
kavkasia istoriulad cnobilia<br />
alvina aleqsaniani<br />
adreuli qorwinebis, qalis gata-<br />
cebisa da garigebiT qorwinebis<br />
tradiciebiT. pirveli qarTveli feministi qalis, poet<br />
rafiel erisTavis dis, barbare erisTavi-jorjaZis biogra-<br />
fiaSi vkiTxulobT, rom is 12 wlis asakSi gaaTxoves, maSin,<br />
rodesac jer kidev bavSvi iyo. is Tavis qorwils ixsenebda,<br />
rogorc raRac TamaSs.<br />
30<br />
TaderTi mizezia. Zalze xSirad<br />
mozardebi am nabijs Tavisuflebis<br />
mopovebis mizniT dgamen, maT<br />
erTi suli aqvT, rodis gaxdebian<br />
didebi. maT surT daamtkicon, rom<br />
SeuZliaT gadawyvetilebis damoukideblad<br />
miReba. zogjer ki,<br />
mravali mizezis gamo, mSobliuri<br />
saxlidan Tavis daRwevis mizniT,<br />
axalgazrdebi, samwuxarod, sxva<br />
alternativas ver xedaven. ra Tqma<br />
unda, arian Zlieri pirovnebebi,<br />
romlebic sirTuleebs laxaven da<br />
adreuli qorwineba maTTvis garkveuli<br />
gamocdilebaa, magram, Ziri-<br />
Tadad, es fsiqologiur travmas<br />
ayenebs, mas Tan axlavs ganaTlebis<br />
miRebis problema, gogonebSi janmrTelobis<br />
gauareseba. am adamianebis<br />
didi nawili momavalSi realizebas<br />
ver axerxebs.<br />
likas naRvliani istoria<br />
lika 16 wlis iyo, roca momavali<br />
qmari gaicno da masTan erTad<br />
gaipara .. 17 wlis asakSi bavSvi gaaCina.<br />
Tumca axalbeda dedis cxovrebaSi<br />
yvelaze bednieri da didi<br />
xnis nanatri dRe im faqtiT iyo<br />
daCrdiluli, rom bavSvis mama mis<br />
gverdiT ar iyo, _ is naxevari weliwadia,<br />
rac cixeSi zis.<br />
„skolaSi me-10 klasSi vswavlobdi<br />
da paralelurad maRazia-<br />
Si konsultantis poziciaze vmuSaobdi,<br />
rodesac momaval meuRles<br />
Sevxvdi. is imave maRaziis dacvis<br />
TanamSromeli iyo. Cemze 11 wliT<br />
ufrosi. erTi sityviT, movewone,<br />
wyvili gavxvdiT da ramdenime Tvis<br />
Semdeg gaparva SemomTavaza. mec<br />
davTanxmdi. ver vityvi, rom bolomde<br />
gaazrebuli mqonda, ras vake-<br />
Tebdi. es im periods daemTxva, rodesac<br />
dedaCemma Tanacxovreba iseT<br />
adamianTan gadawyvita, romelsac<br />
pirveli qorwinebidan sami patara<br />
Svili hyavda. deda sul bavSvebs<br />
uvlida, CemTvis arasdros<br />
ecala, mec vexmarebodi, magram es<br />
damRleli iyo da swavlaSi xels<br />
miSlida. vfiqrobdi, gavTxovdebodi<br />
da problemebi mogvardeboda.<br />
TiTqos, Tavs vuSvele gaTxovebiT.<br />
calke, naqiravebSi gadavediT, male<br />
davorsuldi”.<br />
jer kidev bavSvi, 16 wlis lika,<br />
orsulobis meoTxe Tveze iyo,<br />
rodesac adreuli qorwinebis mZime<br />
Sedegebis winaSe aRmoCnda: meu-<br />
Rle yaCaRobis faqtze daiWires,<br />
braldebulad cnes da 8 weliwadi<br />
miusajes. is sul marto darCa,<br />
mSobliur saxlSi dabrunda, depresiaSi<br />
Cavarda. rogorc Tavad ambobs,<br />
sanam colad gayva, icoda,<br />
rom misi rCeuli nasamarTlevi da<br />
cixidan axlad gamosuli iyo, magram<br />
Seuyvarda da amas maSin mniSvneloba<br />
ar mianiWa. miuxedavad yvelafrisa,<br />
qmari dResac uyvars, Tavisufal<br />
dros cixeSi dadis da<br />
bavSvic mihyavs. Tumca Znelia im<br />
faqtis gacnobiereba da imasTan<br />
Segueba, rom bavSvi mamas, cixis<br />
kedlebs gareT, pirvelad, 8 wlis<br />
asakSi naxavs.<br />
18 wlis iyo, Svili rom gaaCina<br />
`vfiqrobdi, gaTxovebiT problemebi<br />
mogvardeboda~ _ iluziebi adreuli<br />
qorwinebis Sesaxeb<br />
da sacxovreblad bebiasTan da<br />
babuasTan gadavida. orsulobis<br />
periodSi skolaSi ar uvlia, mxolod<br />
gamocdebze midioda. ambobs,<br />
rom bavSvis gamo swavlisa da<br />
atestatis miRebis motivacia hqonda<br />
da saxlSi programul wignebs<br />
kiTxulobda, Tumca mxolod aman<br />
bevri veraferi misca. umaRlesSi<br />
ar Caubarebia, amaze arc ki ufiqria,<br />
radgan arc amis saSualeba<br />
hqonda, arc dro da arc survili.<br />
dRes 21 wlis martoxela dedaa, 4<br />
wlis araCveulebrivi vaJi hyavs da,<br />
bedis ironiiT, isev maRaziaSi<br />
muSaobs gamyidvelad.<br />
anuki _ istoria bednieri<br />
dasasrulis gareSe<br />
15 wlis asakSi Seqmna ojaxi kidev<br />
erTma respondentma, romelic<br />
dRes 22 wlisaa da ukve ganqorwinebulia,<br />
7 wlis gogonas marto<br />
zrdis. wina gmirisgan gansxvavebiT,<br />
anukis sruli saSualo ganaTlebac<br />
ar miuRia. im faqtma, rom me-9<br />
klasSi Seyvarebulisgan daorsulda,<br />
didi roli iTamaSa mis Semdgom<br />
cxovrebaSi. misi qorwineba Tavidan<br />
sakmaod bednieri Canda, magram<br />
male sixaruli ubedurebam Secvala<br />
_ meuRle moZalade narkomani<br />
gamodga.<br />
„15 wlis viyavi, roca Cems yofil<br />
meuRlesTan erTad es nabiji<br />
gadavdgi. davorsuldi, amitomac<br />
colad momiyvana. iyo siyvarulic<br />
da im dros megona, rom es is<br />
grZnobaa, romelic ojaxis SeqmnisTvis<br />
sakmarisia. orsulobis periodSi<br />
skolaSi ar mivlia, me-9<br />
klasis Semdeg skola saerTodac<br />
mivatove. aRar mindoda swavlis<br />
gagrZeleba. saxlSi yofna, saojaxo<br />
saqmeebis keTeba merCivna. TiTqos<br />
bednieri viyavi, verTobodi Cems<br />
meuRlesTan erTad, erTi sityviT,<br />
did problemebs ar Sevjaxebivar.<br />
16 wlisas Svili SemeZina da aq gaCnda<br />
problemebic. me TviTonac patara<br />
viyavi da bavSvs rogor aRvzrdidi?<br />
araferi vicodi, amitom deda<br />
da mezoblad mcxovrebi qalebi<br />
mexmarebodnen. droTa ganmavloba-<br />
Si uamravi problema dagrovda.<br />
meuRle arasdros iyo Cem gverdiT,<br />
ubnis biWebTan erTad erToboda,<br />
svamda, arsad muSaobda. aRmoCnda,<br />
rom narkotikul saSualebebsac<br />
moixmarda; Semdeg fizikur da sityvier<br />
Seuracxyofas mayenebda.<br />
erT dRes, morigi konfliqtis<br />
dros, mivxvdi, rom misgan unda wavsuliyavi”.<br />
anuki ambobs, rom 4-wliani Tanacxovrebis<br />
Semdeg qmars daSorda:<br />
„zrdasrul asakSi SesaZlebelia,<br />
ori adamiani sxvadasxva azrze<br />
iyos da es ar gaxdes konfliqtis<br />
mizezi, Tineijerobisas ki<br />
rTulia. am dros ginda garToba,<br />
megobrebTan erTad didi xniT wasvla,<br />
dakargva, magram roca ojaxi<br />
gyavs, ase ver adgebi da ver waxval.<br />
ojaxi gulisxmobs imas, rom,<br />
erTdroulad, Zalebis erTnairi<br />
gadanawilebiT, unda gauZRve cxovrebas.<br />
Tu erTi mxare mainc<br />
moikoWlebs, mTeli tvirTi meoreze<br />
gadadis”.<br />
dRes mas aqvs saqme, samsaxuri,<br />
Tumca sakuTar Tavs Semdgar adamianad<br />
ar miiCnevs. ambobs, swavla<br />
rom gaegrZelebina, axla kargi samsaxuri<br />
da profesia eqneboda. misive<br />
TqmiT, adreul asakSi ojaxis<br />
Seqmna swori ar aris da gogoebma<br />
aucileblad unda miiRon ganaTleba.<br />
„ver vityvi, rom Semdgari<br />
var da profesia maqvs, romelic<br />
Zalian miyvars. ar aris ase. maqvs<br />
Cemi saqme, Tumca SeiZleboda, amaze<br />
ukeTesi yofiliyo”. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, anuki ambobs, rom misi<br />
Svili amis kompensirebas axdens.<br />
naTia _ istoria bednieri<br />
dasasruliT<br />
tradiciul qarTul sazogadoebaSi<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom gogos<br />
pirveli intimuri gamocdileba<br />
dakanonebuli iyos. es adreuli<br />
qorwinebis kidev erTi faqtoria.<br />
axalgazrda wyvilebs, ubralod,<br />
ar gaaCniaT intimuri urTierTobebis<br />
legalizaciis sxva saSualeba.<br />
ase moxda naTias SemTxvevaSi,<br />
mas axlo urTierToba surda Tavis<br />
pirvel SeyvarebulTan, amitomac<br />
16 wlis asakSi daqorwinda.<br />
„me-9 klasSi vswavlobdi, rodesac<br />
Cemi momavali qmari gavicani.<br />
me TbilisSi vcxovrobdi, is ki<br />
zugdididan iyo. es CvenTvis xelis<br />
SemSleli ar yofila, urTierToba<br />
daviwyeT, erTmaneTi Segviyvarda.<br />
mis gareSe cxovreba ar SemeZlo,<br />
amitomac gadavwyviteT gaparva<br />
da Cveni urTierTobis dakanoneba.<br />
vicodi, rom Cemi mSoblebi wianaaRmdegebi<br />
iqnebodnen. erTxel<br />
skolaSi gakveTilebi gagvicda da<br />
im dRes spontanurad gadavwyvite,<br />
am nabijze wavsuliyavi. Cems or axlobel<br />
megobars yvelaferi avuxseni<br />
da mSoblebisTvis werilis gadacema<br />
vTxove. dResdReobiT vxvdebi,<br />
rom mSoblebTan ase ar unda<br />
movqceuliyavi, magram maSin patara<br />
viyavi da Sedegebze ar vfiqrobdi”.<br />
orsulobis periodSi naTia<br />
qmarTan da dedamTilTan erTad<br />
cxovrobda. skolaSi ar uvlia,<br />
radgan Zneli iyo balansis dacva<br />
ganaTlebasa da orsulobas Soris.<br />
ase gagrZelda, daaxloebiT, erTi<br />
weli. rodesac skolaSi dabruneba<br />
da swavlis gagrZeleba gadawyvita,<br />
naTias dedamTili winaaRmdegi iyo.<br />
misi azriT, gaTxovil gogos swavla<br />
qorwinebis Semdeg dakisrebuli<br />
valdebulebebis Sesrulebasa<br />
da bavSvis movlaSi xels uSlis. sabednierod,<br />
naTia ar daTanxmda<br />
aseT Zvelmodur midgomas, mSoblebTan<br />
dabrunda da swavla gaagr-<br />
Zela. skolis damTavreba da umaRles<br />
saswavlebelSi Cabareba gauWirda,<br />
magram mzrunveli mSoblebis<br />
ZalisxmeviT dRes naTia saqarTvelos<br />
erT-erT wamyvan bankSi muSaobs<br />
da warmatebuli, saintereso<br />
axalgazrda qalia. igi TbilisSi<br />
qmarTan erTad cxovrobs da rva<br />
wlis vaJs zrdis.<br />
am axalgazrda qalis istoria<br />
adreul asakSi qorwinebis Semdeg<br />
kargad Camoyalibebuli cxovrebis<br />
iSviaTi magaliTia. bednieri dasasruli,<br />
romelic ar moxdeboda, rom<br />
ara Cveni respondentis mier sworad<br />
gadadgmuli nabijebi, ganaTlebis<br />
aucileblobis gaazreba<br />
da axlos mdgomi mzrunveli mSoblebi.<br />
magram bevri gogona, romelmac,<br />
naTias msgavsad, mSobliuri<br />
saxli adre datova da daqorwinda,<br />
dRes arc ise bednieria. zogs<br />
ukve ramdenime bavSvi hyavs, maT<br />
skola ar daumTavrebiaT, ar miu-<br />
RiaT profesiuli ganaTleba; sxvebi<br />
yoveldRiurad ganicdian ojaxur<br />
Zaladobas; zogierTi didi<br />
xania, dabrunda mSoblebTan da bavSvebs<br />
marto zrdis, radgan qmrebTan<br />
araferi gamouvidaT. arasrulwlovan<br />
asakSi daqorwinebuli<br />
bednieri qalebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi<br />
Zalian cotaa.<br />
saqarTveloSi adreuli qorwinebis<br />
praqtika ukve wlebia, rac arsebobs,<br />
Tumca, rogorc sxva bevri<br />
socialuri sakiTxi Cvens qveyana-<br />
30 N17 (<strong>278</strong>) 21.05-27.05.2019 w.
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