Water Environment Research Sep/Oct, pp. 1205, 1999. 26 Meeussen, J.C.L., Keizer, M.G., de Haan, F.A.M., 1992. Chemical stability and decomposition rate of iron cyanide complexes in soil solutions. Environmental Science and Technology, 26, pp. 511-516. 27 Ayşen Türkman. <strong>Cyanid</strong>e Behaviour in Soil and Groundwater and its Control. Intern. J. Environmental Studies, Vol 54, pp. 107-122, 1998. 28 Radar, W.S., Solujic, L., Milosavljevic, E.B., Hendrix, J.L., Nelson, J.H., 1993. Sunlight induced photochemistry of aqueous solutions of hexacyanoferrate(II) and –(III) ions. Environmental Science and Technology, 27, pp. 1875-1879. 29 Mansfeldt, T., Rennert, T., 2003. Iron-cyanide complexes in soil and groundwater. Geochemical Processes in Soil and Groundwater, pp. 65-77. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 30 Thilo Rennet and Tim Masfeldt. Sorption and Transport of Iron-<strong>Cyanid</strong>e Complexes in Uncontaminated Soil Investigated in Column Experiments. Soil Science, Vol. 167, No. 8, 504-512, 2002. 31 Theis, T.L. and West, M.J. Effects of cyanide complexation on adsorption of trace metals at the surface of the goethite. Environ. Technol. Letters, 7, pp. 309-318. 32 Vladimir Novotny, Deron Muehring, Daniel H. Zitomer, Daniel W. Smith and Roderick Facey. <strong>Cyanid</strong>e and Metal Pollution by Urban Snowmelt: Impact of Deicing Compounds. Wat. Sci. Tech., Vol. 38, No. 10, pp. 223-230, 1998. 33 Pablo, F., Buckney, R.T., Lim, R.P. 1996. Toxicity of cyanide and iron-cyanide complexes to Australian bass Macquarie novemaculeata and black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri. Australasian Journal Ecotoxicology, 2, pp. 75-94. 34 Ronald Eisler, Donald R. Clark Jr, Stanley N. Wiemeyer, Charles J. Henny. Sodium <strong>Cyanid</strong>e Hazards to Fish and Other Wildlife from Gold Mining Operations. Book: Environmental Impacts of Mining Activities: Emphasis on Mitigation and Remedial Measures, pp. 55-67, 1999. 35 Simon R Wild, Thomasine Rudd, Anne Neller. Fate and Effects of <strong>Cyanid</strong>e during Wastewater Treatment Processses. The Science of the Total Environment, 156, pp. 93-107, 1994. 36 US Environmental Protection Agency, 1980. Ambient water quality criteria for cyanides. US Environ Prot Agen Rep 440/5-80-037, pp 1-72. 37 Leduc, G., 1984. <strong>Cyanid</strong>es in water: toxicological significance. In: Weber LJ (ed) Aquatic toxicology, Volume 2, Raven Press, New York, pp 153-224. 38 Eisler, R. 1991. <strong>Cyanid</strong>e hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review. US Fish Wildl Serv Biol Rep 85, pp 1-55. 39 Mandana Meriano, Nick Eyles, Ken W.F. Howard. Hydrogeological Impacts of Road Salt from Canada's Busiest Highway on a Lake Ontario Watershed (Frenchman's Bay) and lagoon, City of Pickering. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 107, 66- 81, 2009. 27
Bilag 1: Datablad- <strong>Cyanid</strong> Navn <strong>Cyanid</strong>er Kemisk betegnelse CN Fysiske-kemiske data Forekomst i jord/vand Hyppigst forekommende forbindelser i jord- og grundvandssammenhæng er: • Hydrogencyanid (blåsyre) – farveløs gas med lugt af bitre mandler, højt damptryk, blandbar med vand, pKa-værdi 9,2. • Simple cyanider, f.eks. natrium- og kaliumcyanid – let opløselige i vand. • Komplekse jerncyanider - ferri- og ferrocyanider der kan danne forskellige salte hvoraf alkalisaltene er vandopløselige. Under påvirkning af sollys kan der i opløsninger dannes små mængder fri cyanid. Ferri/ferrocyanid er under normale pH- og redoxforhold et stabilt og uopløseligt kompleks. [Fe(II)(CN) 6 3- , Fe(III)(CN)6 4- ] • Thiocyanater, forbindelser hvori gruppen –SCN indgår – Thiocyanater er meget stabil og spaltes ikke under normale forhold, saltene er generelt vandopløselig. På metalliseringsvirksomheder foreligger cyanider hovedsageligt som simple cyanider. Redoxforhold Dissociations reaktioner: Svagt reducerende og oxiderende forhold (pH + pe= 11-18) Fe 4(Fe(CN) 6 + 12 H 2O + 3e - → 4Fe(OH) 3 + 3Fe(CN) 6 3- + 12H + pH, mobilitet og nedbrydning <strong>Cyanid</strong>fraktioner i kemiske analyser Reducerende forhold (pe