3. Umbruch 4.4..2005 - Online Pot
3. Umbruch 4.4..2005 - Online Pot
3. Umbruch 4.4..2005 - Online Pot
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120 S.A. Varvel and A.H. Lichtman<br />
Table 2. Studies examining the impact of disrupting endocannabinoid signaling in various animal<br />
models of learning and memory<br />
Model CB 1 –/– mice CB1 receptor Reference<br />
antagonists<br />
Social recognition Not tested Enhanced [13]<br />
Retroactive inhibition Not tested Enhanced<br />
Aged rats (24 months) and mice (10–12 months) Not tested Enhanced<br />
Object recognition Enhanced Not tested [49]<br />
Rat radial-arm maze, delayed non-match Not tested Enhanced [51, 52]<br />
Mouse conditioned freezing<br />
Acquisition (tone) No effect No effect<br />
Extinction (tone) Impaired Impaired [14]<br />
Extinction (context) Impaired Impaired [63]<br />
Mouse Morris water maze<br />
Acquisition No effect No effect [40, 65]<br />
Reversal learning Impaired Not tested [40]<br />
Extinction (space trials) Impaired Impaired [65]<br />
Operant tasks<br />
Pigeon fixed consecutive number responding Not tested No effect [53]<br />
Rat repeated-acquisition procedure Not tested No effect [24]<br />
Rat non-match to position Not tested No effect [23]<br />
Monkey repeated-acquisition procedure Not tested No effect [29]<br />
Rat delayed non-match to sample Not tested No effect [20]<br />
Mouse lever-pressing acquisition of lever pressing Impaired No tested [54]<br />
Scopolamine-induced memory impairment<br />
Rat social recognition Not tested No effect [13]<br />
Rat radial-arm maze Not tested No effect [61]<br />
Monkey repeated acquisition Not tested No effect [30]<br />
Rat passive avoidance retention<br />
i.c.v. β-amyloid peptide-(25–35) or -(1–42) Not tested Enhanced [60]<br />
i.c.v., intracerebrovascular.<br />
Additionally, SR-141716 prevented the retroactive inhibition of memory elicited<br />
by a procedure in which the test subject was exposed to a different juvenile<br />
conspecific between the two trials. In a related task, CB 1 –/– mice exhibited<br />
enhanced object-recognition memory compared to wild-type control mice<br />
[49]. Similarly, CB 1 –/– mice have been shown to display enhanced long-term<br />
potentiation (LTP), an electrophysiological model of synaptic plasticity<br />
thought to underlie learning [50].<br />
SR-141716 was also found to enhance memory in a modified eight-arm<br />
radial maze task [51]. When a long delay (6 h) was interposed between the first<br />
and second halves of the task, SR-141716-treated rats committed significantly<br />
fewer re-entry errors than committed by vehicle-treated rats. SR-141716 was
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