movement can be seen to take on renewed significance for communicating. And one must call it “renewed”, because this is, after all, how humans begin: with communication that hinges upon the non-linguistic. And why? Because humans begin life without language, but with the sense modalities that make acquiring knowledge possible. If an individual suffers a stroke that robs him/her <strong>of</strong> speech, it does not logically follow that s/he has also ceased to think. On the contrary, clinical case evidence strongly indicates that meaningful thought continues (Seifert, 1999) and that patients may develop elaborate mechanisms for conveying ideas without words (Caplan, 1987). Consider Willem DeKooning (after SFMOMA, 1995)—who communicated through nonlinguistic images what he, presumably, could not communicate with words. Goldsmith (2001) has contended that the value <strong>of</strong> non-linguistic communication is amplified in diseases like Alzheimer’s, when memories are fading and language skills decline. The current author would argue that it is the value <strong>of</strong> non-linguistic modalities in these situations that provides strong evidence for their dissociability from language. There are documented cases <strong>of</strong> use <strong>of</strong> symbols and ritual to effect communications with individuals who have severe language deficits (e.g., Goldsmith, 2001; Seifert & Baker, 2002). And so then, for humans who have intact memory and language systems, what roles can non-linguistic modalities play? To provide alternate manner <strong>of</strong> representation to language that might sometimes supplement language-based communications and that might sometimes stand alone with no need for language-based interpretations. In order to accommodate this view <strong>of</strong> language as merely one possible way <strong>of</strong> representing and communicating ideas, one might re-conceptualize the adage “a picture paints a thousand words” to be “a picture paints a thousand ideas, and sometimes words are irrelevant”. REFERENCES Adams, R.B., & Janata, P. (2002). “A Comparison <strong>of</strong> Neural Circuits Underlying Auditory and <strong>Visual</strong> Object Recognition.” NeuroImage, 16, 361-377. Arieh, Y., & Algom, D. (2002). « Processing Picture-word Stimuli: The Contingent Nature <strong>of</strong> Picture and <strong>of</strong> Word Superiority.” Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 221-232. Caplan, D. (1987). Neurolinguistics and Linguistic Aphasiology: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press. David<strong>of</strong>f, J., & Debleser, R. (1994). “Impaired Picture Recognition with Preserved Object Naming and Reading.” Brain & Cognition, 24, 1-23. Federmeier, K.D., & Kutas, M. (2001). Meaning and Modality: Influences <strong>of</strong> Context, Semantic Memory, Organization, and Perceptual Predictability on Picture Processing. Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 202-224. Gerlach, C., Law, I., Gade, A., Paulson, O.B. (2000). “Categorization and Category Effects in Normal Object Recognition: A PET Study.” Neuropsychologia, 38, 1693-1703. Glaser, W. R., & Glaser, M.O. (1989). Context Effects in Stroop-like Word and Picture Processing.” Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 13-42. Goldsmith, M. (2001). When words are no longer necessary: The gift <strong>of</strong> ritual. Journal <strong>of</strong> Religious Gerontology, 12,139-150. Gombrich, E. H. (1950/1988). The Story <strong>of</strong> Art. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Harmony, T., et al. (2001) “EEG Changes During Word and Figure Categorization.” Clinical Neurophysiology, 112, 1486-1498. Harrison, C., & Wood, P. (Eds.). (1993). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Cambridge, Ma.: Blackwell. Hecean, H., & Angelergues, R. (1962). “Agnosia For Faces.” Archives <strong>of</strong> Neurology, 7, 92-100. Kolb, B., & Wishaw, I.Q. (1985). Fundamentals <strong>of</strong> Human Neuropsychology. 2nd ed. 4
New York: Freeman & Co. Lissauer, H. (1890). Ein Fall von Seelenblindheit nebst einem Beitrag zur Theorie derselben. Archiv fur Psychiatrie, 21, 222-270. [Edited and translated by M. Jackson (1988). Lissauer on agnosia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 5, 155-192.] McCarthy, R.A., & Warrington, E.K. (1990). Cognitive Neuropsychology: A Clinical Introduction. New York: Academic Press. Mondadori, A. (Ed.). (1988/1989). The History <strong>of</strong> Art. (G. Culverwell et al., Trans.) New York: Gallery Books. Potter, M.C., & Faulconer, B.A. (1975). “Time to Understand Pictures and Words.” Nature, 253, 437-438. San Francisco Museum <strong>of</strong> Modern Art. (1995). Willem De Kooning: The Late Paintings, the 1980’s. New York: D.A.P./Distributed <strong>Arts</strong> Publishers, Inc. Seifert, L.S. (1997). « Activating Representations in Permanent Memory: Different Benefits for Pictures and Words.” Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1106-1121. Seifert, L.S., & Baker, M.K. (2002). “An Individualized Approach to Religious Coping In Alzheimer’s Disease.” Manuscript submitted for publication. Theios, J., & Amrhein, P.C. (1989). “Theoretical Analysis <strong>of</strong> the Cognitive Processing <strong>of</strong> Lexical and Pictorial Stimuli: Reading, Naming, and <strong>Visual</strong> and Conceptual Comparison.”Psychological Review, 96, 5-24. Tulving, E., & Thompson, D. M. (1973). “Encoding Specificity and Retrieval Processes in Episodic Memory.” Psychological Review, 80, 352–373. 5
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SECTION 1: Keynote Address Undoing
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THE SCHOOL OF VISUAL ARTS NATIONAL
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[Both please.] There’s another pa
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actually this mountain on top is an
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detail. This is from a digital high
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that those religious mysteries whic
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scream into clarity and the effect
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a nutshell our conflicted attitude
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Dr. Stafford: Well, I’m trying re
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CROSS DISCIPLINARY STRATEGIES TO RE
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layering of dissonant imagery of th
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TRANSLATIONS OF MEMORY: PERSONAL ES
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When I asked my students to write p
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FACE VALUE: PORTRAITS AND MEMORY Da
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emotional expression in the human f
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A first step might be a rejection i
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THE ART OF THE NAME OR THE NAME OF
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“ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST,” OR
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elationship with Jesus than does Pe
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There are several different philoso
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REMEMBERING RABINDRANATH TAGORE Mar
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of curios which mostly are delusion
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Let me conclude with two poems from
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MONUMENTS IN MINIMALISM: SAFELY UNI
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font, in tight grid-like formation,
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At the height of the Minimalist mov
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horribly immediate manner. There is
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ead. 8 Only when the beautiful soul
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Brâncu_i, too, preferred to carve
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(1912, 1913, 1920, 1931), among oth
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10. On Easter Monday, for example,
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47. Women who are menstruating or i
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MOURNING, ABSENCE, AND TRAUMA: REPR
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(1991) is an extended meditation on
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a storm of controversy for its univ
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1938, completed in 1991, includes w
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fan shaped forms; these images are
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The only way out of the building is
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WITH A PEN AS HIS WORD AND ME AS HI
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FROM IDEALISM TO TOTALITARIANISM: T
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embodiment of the age of enlightenm
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Yale University Press, 1986), p. 10
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“yes well, to be sure they all mi
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characterized various ancient civil
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(whichever “them” is most handy
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There are those who would dismiss s
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TEACHING ART EDUCATION IN A STUDIO
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artworks motivate and inspire stude
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VERS COLLAGE: THE REMEMBRANCE WORK
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On that day when the wall is breach
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often enough to become a social tru
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define his identity and function in