Patterns of time use in Tanzania: how to make public investment in ...

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3. How women and men in Tanzania spend their time: an overview This section presents data on all the activities identified in the survey broken down by sex. Table 3.1 describes the average time spent per day by the entire female and male Tanzanian populations (aged 5 years and above) in the ten main activities, with the average calculated over the whole population, whether or not engaged in that activity. Table 3.1: Average time spent on activities in a day, by sex and main activity type Broad activity type Mean minutes per day % of day 4 All Female Male All Female Male 1 Employment for establishments 61.0 34.7 89.7 4.2 2.4 6.2 2 Primary production activities not for establishments 171.3 163.0 180.2 11.9 11.3 12.5 3 Services for income and other production of goods not for establishments 6.3 6.9 5.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 4 Household maintenance, management and shopping for own household 113.3 169.9 51.8 7.9 11.8 3.6 5 Care for children, the sick, elderly and disabled for own household 23.9 35.4 11.5 1.7 2.5 0.8 6 Community services and help to other households 8.0 7.2 8.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 7 Learning 80.8 75.1 86.9 5.6 5.2 6.0 8 Social and cultural activities 111.4 94.6 129.7 7.7 6.6 9.0 9 Mass media use 12.5 7.7 17.8 0.9 0.5 1.2 10 Personal care and self maintenance 851.5 845.7 857.8 59.1 58.7 59.6 Total 1440.0 1440.0 1440.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS Table 3.1 shows that patterns of time use between paid and unpaid work are highly gendered, confirming trends observed in many other countries. On average, women devote much more time to unpaid activities than men do (for instance, female time in both household maintenance and care is three times as much as male time). Women and men spend a similar share of their day on primary agricultural work (about three hours per day) but men spend more time in other forms of paid work then women do. Men allocate more time to non-work activities such as social and cultural engagements and learning. Figure 3.1 illustrates shares of male and female time inputs into both SNA and non-SNA production 3 . Women in Tanzania contribute a larger share of total work time than men in a year (about 57 per cent). The share of their contribution to non-SNA work time is especially significant (more than 76 percent of their total work time inputs). 3 This is still for the whole population, aged 5 years or older.
Figure 3.1: Female and male shares in total time inputs to SNA and non- SNA Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS Figure 3.2 shows differences in time contributions to SNA and non-SNA work by location. As expected, people in rural areas contribute more than people in urban areas to non-SNA production (as well as to SNA production). Figure 3.2: Rural and urban shares in total time inputs to SNA and non- SNA Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS Table 3.2 provides some further breakdown of work activities (codes 1-6) to highlight the sub-categories that present most marked differences between women and men. 5
Page 1 and 2: Gendered Patterns of Time Use in Ta
Page 3 and 4: Tables Table 3.1 Average time spent
Page 5 and 6: population by sex for adults 27 Tab
Page 7 and 8: 1. Introduction This paper examines
Page 9: 2. Data The TUS was undertaken by t
Page 13 and 14: Women spend three times as much as
Page 15 and 16: only 4.5 percent of all households
Page 17 and 18: Table 4.1.5: Participation rate, me
Page 19 and 20: Who are the ‘overburdened’? The
Page 21 and 22: Men and women working in ‘subsist
Page 23 and 24: in the urban areas. This is a more
Page 27 and 28: Figure 4.2.1: Distribution of femal
Page 29 and 30: Does the income level matter? As il
Page 31 and 32: Differences in participation patter
Page 33 and 34: 5.2. Other household maintenance Wo
Page 37 and 38: 6. Patterns of travel We also exami
Page 39 and 40: There appears not to be a strong co
Page 41 and 42: Figure 6.3 and Figure 6.4 show diff
Page 43 and 44: We then took the exercise a little
Page 45 and 46: References Arvidson, A., and M. Nor
Page 47 and 48: ANNEXES Annex 1 - Full list of acti
Page 49 and 50: 420 Cleaning house and surroundings
Page 51 and 52: celebrations 820 Participating in r
Page 53 and 54: Annex 2 Table A1 - Aggregations and
Page 55 and 56: Annex 4 - Methodology Data descript
Page 57 and 58: p Average minutes per day of partic
Page 59: o Men rural poor o Men rural non po

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