Patterns of time use in Tanzania: how to make public investment in ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 3.2: Average time spent on disaggregated work activities in a day by sex 4 (1) Employment for establishments Activity 6 Mean minutes per day All Female Male Wage employment 23.6 10.5 37.9 Self-employment and home based work 17.9 12.9 23.4 Paid domestic and personal services produced by domestic work 9.7 5.8 14.0 Travel 9.1 5.2 13.4 Other 0.7 0.4 1.1 (2) Primary production activities not for establishments Crop farming 76.3 71.8 81.2 Tending animals and hunting 20.0 7.1 33.9 Collecting firewood or dung 6.2 7.7 4.6 Collecting and waiting to collect water 15.7 22.1 8.7 Travel 47.9 50.0 45.7 Other 5.2 4.3 6.1 (3) Services for income and other production of goods not for establishments 6.3 6.9 5.7 (4) Household maintenance, management and shopping for own household Activities related to food preparation 70.9 119.1 18.4 Cleaning house and care of clothes 19.9 28.3 10.8 Do it yourself 5.7 3.6 7.9 Chopping wood 2.8 3.7 1.8 Travel 8.9 9.7 8.1 Other 5.2 5.4 4.9 (5) Care for children, the sick, elderly and disabled for own household 23.9 35.4 11.5 (6) Community services and help to other households 8.0 7.2 8.9 Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS Crop farming seems to be the activity taking up the largest amount of time among productive activities (as conventionally classified by standard statistical systems), with no significant differences between women and men (about 72 minutes per day for women compared to 76 minutes for men). Men spend on average more time than women in most other paid activities. To note, however, that crop farming is not always a ‘paid’ activity (in the sense that the person carrying out the work receives some monetary remuneration), as it includes subsistence agriculture. Women, and girls, in particular, are likely to be involved in home own food production. Travel time related to primary production seems to be quite high for both women and men (more than 45 minutes per day) while travel time related to other activities is significantly smaller, but usually greater for men than for women. 4 Refer to Annex 2 for a list of the aggregations carried out and corresponding activity codes.
Women spend three times as much as men (about 22 minutes per day) collecting water, and caring for other family members (about 35 minutes per day) 5 . Food preparation is by far the activity that shows most marked differences between women and men: while the female population spends on average two hours per day cooking, the male population devotes to this task only 18 minutes. It is thus to a more detailed analysis of some of these specific activities, namely water collection, fuel collection and food preparation, that we now turn. The subsequent analysis will look at adult men and women (population aged 15 years and above) separately from children (girls and boys between the age of 5 and 14 years). It will zoom into some of the broad unpaid work categories and decompose the average time calculated over the entire population into: (a) participation rates (share of people actually undertaking the task in the total population) and (b) average duration among participants. The 24 hours approach has been used throughout the analysis (for further discussion of advantages and disadvantages of this approach please see Annex 4). 5 For a more detailed analysis of time spent on unpaid care in Tanzania please refer to the excellent UNRISD Tanzania Research Report 2 by Debbie Budlender - Budlender, D. 2008, ‚The Political and Social Economy of Care: Tanzania Research Report 2‛. Geneva: The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. Person care, especially child care, is frequently carried out at the same time as other tasks; hence the average figures in the table 2, calculated using the 24 hours approach, might underestimate actual time and effort going into this activity. 7
Page 1 and 2: Gendered Patterns of Time Use in Ta
Page 3 and 4: Tables Table 3.1 Average time spent
Page 5 and 6: population by sex for adults 27 Tab
Page 7 and 8: 1. Introduction This paper examines
Page 9 and 10: 2. Data The TUS was undertaken by t
Page 11: Figure 3.1: Female and male shares
Page 15 and 16: only 4.5 percent of all households
Page 17 and 18: Table 4.1.5: Participation rate, me
Page 19 and 20: Who are the ‘overburdened’? The
Page 21 and 22: Men and women working in ‘subsist
Page 23 and 24: in the urban areas. This is a more
Page 27 and 28: Figure 4.2.1: Distribution of femal
Page 29 and 30: Does the income level matter? As il
Page 31 and 32: Differences in participation patter
Page 33 and 34: 5.2. Other household maintenance Wo
Page 37 and 38: 6. Patterns of travel We also exami
Page 39 and 40: There appears not to be a strong co
Page 41 and 42: Figure 6.3 and Figure 6.4 show diff
Page 43 and 44: We then took the exercise a little
Page 45 and 46: References Arvidson, A., and M. Nor
Page 47 and 48: ANNEXES Annex 1 - Full list of acti
Page 49 and 50: 420 Cleaning house and surroundings
Page 51 and 52: celebrations 820 Participating in r
Page 53 and 54: Annex 2 Table A1 - Aggregations and
Page 55 and 56: Annex 4 - Methodology Data descript
Page 57 and 58: p Average minutes per day of partic
Page 59: o Men rural poor o Men rural non po

Patterns of time use in Tanzania: how to make public investment in ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?