Patterns of time use in Tanzania: how to make public investment in ...

Table 6.2: Participation rate, mean time among participants and mean time
among population by sex for adults
Participation rates Mean among participants Mean among population
Percentage (%) Absolute minutes per day Absolute minutes per day
Travel related to
Formal and non-agricultural informal
All Female Male All Female Male All Female Male
sector work
Primary production activities (not for
25.4 17.1 34.7 54.3 45.0 59.4 13.8 7.7 20.6
establishments)
Household management, care activities
78.8 82.1 75.1 68.3 69.6 66.6 53.8 57.1 50.1
and community services 53.5 57.8 48.7 24.7 24.1 25.5 13.2 14.0 12.4
Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS
Table 6.3: Travel related to SNA and non-SNA activities (disaggregated)
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Participation rates
Percentage (%)
All Female Male
Formal and non-agricultural informal sector work 34.0 27.1 41.7
Primary production activities (not for establishments) 85.5 89.5 81.0
Household management, care activities and community services 92.2 97.9 85.8
Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS
Both women and men spend more time travelling to non-agricultural work if
they live in urban areas and more time travelling to agricultural work if they
live in rural areas. Women appear to spend more time travelling for
household and care activities in urban areas than in rural areas (an average of
29 minutes per day in urban areas compared with 21 minutes in rural areas).
Income levels seem to affect significantly the pattern of travel to paid work.
Travel to non-agricultural work takes more time for both women and men
living in households with monthly income above Tshs 100,000. For men this
time is close to 70 minutes and for women is about 50 minutes. Conversely, it
is women and men living in the poorest households who spend more time
travelling to primary production work, about 73 minutes per day, for both
women and men. This is not at all surprising and simply reflects households’
different activity profiles. It is also important to not that the mode of travel
(by public or private transport, or by foot) may vary greatly across locations
as well as by gender, with low income women in rural areas more likely to
walk.
For both men and women, time spent travelling for non-agricultural work is
higher if they do not have young children but time spent travelling for
agricultural work and for home management and care is slightly lower for
families without young children.