Patterns of time use in Tanzania: how to make public investment in ...

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Does the presence of young children matter? Consistently with patterns observed for water and fuel collection, the presence of young children in the households seems to make female participation rate (slightly) higher and male participation rates (significantly) lower. This is shown in Table 5.1.5. Table 5.1.5: Participation rate, mean time among participants and mean time among population by sex and presence of children in the household Adult females Adult males Presence of children No children Presence of children No children 24 Percentage (%) Participation rate 95.0 94.7 30.7 42.3 Absolute minutes per day Mean among participants 155.0 148.2 38.8 57.6 Mean among population 147.2 140.3 11.9 24.3 Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS Children’s participation to food preparation Table 5.1.6 illustrates that about 81 percent of girls and 57 percent of boys do help in food preparation. Girls’ participation rates are lower than women’s rates but boy’s participation rates are higher than men’s. Table 5.1.6: Participation rate, mean time among participants and mean time among population by sex for children All Girls Boys Percentage (%) Participation rate 69.2 80.6 57.5 Absolute minutes per day Mean among participants 57.8 71.3 38.5 Mean among population 40.0 57.4 22.1 Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS Children spend on average on this task 40 minutes, which is significantly lower than for adults (84 minutes). Table 5.1.7: Participation rate, mean time among participants and mean time among population by sex and location. Girls Boys Rural Urban Rural Urban Percentage (%) Participation rate 80.9 79.3 57.3 57.9 Absolute minutes per day Mean among participants 70.1 75.3 37.2 43.5 Mean among population 56.7 59.7 21.3 25.2 Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS
Differences in participation patterns across income levels are more pronounced among girls than among adult women. As described in Table 5.1.8, indeed both girls and boys in low income households are more involved in food preparation and spend longer on this task than children in better off households (82 percent compared with 77 percent for girls, and 60 percent compared with 48 percent for boys). Table 5.1.8: Participation rate, mean time among participants and mean time among population by sex and household income Girls Boys Y100,000 Y100,000 25 Percentage (%) Participation rate 82.4 79.0 76.9 59.9 58.5 48.6 Absolute minutes per day Mean among participants 72.1 69.3 71.8 39.9 35.9 37.3 Mean among population 59.4 54.7 55.2 23.9 21.0 18.1 Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS As illustrated in Table 5.1.9, girls in male headed households have higher participation rates and spend more time on food preparation than girls in female headed households. The opposite holds for boys who have higher participation rates and spend more time on food preparation in female headed households. Table 5.1.9: Participation rate, mean time among participants and mean time among population by sex and headship Girls Boys Female head Male head Female head Male head Participation rate 78.8 85.7 58.6 57.1 Absolute minutes per day Mean among participants 69.9 75.0 39.3 38.2 Mean among population 55.1 64.3 23.0 21.8 Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS How many are the overburdened? As one can see in Figure 5.1.1, the shape of the female and male distributions are different from the previous ones in that the vast majority of women and only a tiny proportion of men engages in cooking. Among women the distribution across duration levels is more even than in the previous distributions. The average time spent by participants is just above two hours per day (or 126 minutes). About 46 percent of the ‘participants’ devote to food preparation above average time.
Page 1 and 2: Gendered Patterns of Time Use in Ta
Page 3 and 4: Tables Table 3.1 Average time spent
Page 5 and 6: population by sex for adults 27 Tab
Page 7 and 8: 1. Introduction This paper examines
Page 9 and 10: 2. Data The TUS was undertaken by t
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3.1: Female and male shares
Page 13 and 14: Women spend three times as much as
Page 15 and 16: only 4.5 percent of all households
Page 17 and 18: Table 4.1.5: Participation rate, me
Page 19 and 20: Who are the ‘overburdened’? The
Page 21 and 22: Men and women working in ‘subsist
Page 23 and 24: in the urban areas. This is a more
Page 27 and 28: Figure 4.2.1: Distribution of femal
Page 29: Does the income level matter? As il
Page 33 and 34: 5.2. Other household maintenance Wo
Page 37 and 38: 6. Patterns of travel We also exami
Page 39 and 40: There appears not to be a strong co
Page 41 and 42: Figure 6.3 and Figure 6.4 show diff
Page 43 and 44: We then took the exercise a little
Page 45 and 46: References Arvidson, A., and M. Nor
Page 47 and 48: ANNEXES Annex 1 - Full list of acti
Page 49 and 50: 420 Cleaning house and surroundings
Page 51 and 52: celebrations 820 Participating in r
Page 53 and 54: Annex 2 Table A1 - Aggregations and
Page 55 and 56: Annex 4 - Methodology Data descript
Page 57 and 58: p Average minutes per day of partic
Page 59: o Men rural poor o Men rural non po

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