Patterns of time use in Tanzania: how to make public investment in ...

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Table 6.2: Participation rate, mean time among participants and mean time among population by sex for adults Participation rates Mean among participants Mean among population Percentage (%) Absolute minutes per day Absolute minutes per day Travel related to Formal and non-agricultural informal All Female Male All Female Male All Female Male sector work Primary production activities (not for 25.4 17.1 34.7 54.3 45.0 59.4 13.8 7.7 20.6 establishments) Household management, care activities 78.8 82.1 75.1 68.3 69.6 66.6 53.8 57.1 50.1 and community services 53.5 57.8 48.7 24.7 24.1 25.5 13.2 14.0 12.4 Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS Table 6.3: Travel related to SNA and non-SNA activities (disaggregated) 32 Participation rates Percentage (%) All Female Male Formal and non-agricultural informal sector work 34.0 27.1 41.7 Primary production activities (not for establishments) 85.5 89.5 81.0 Household management, care activities and community services 92.2 97.9 85.8 Source: Calculations from the 2006 Tanzania TUS Both women and men spend more time travelling to non-agricultural work if they live in urban areas and more time travelling to agricultural work if they live in rural areas. Women appear to spend more time travelling for household and care activities in urban areas than in rural areas (an average of 29 minutes per day in urban areas compared with 21 minutes in rural areas). Income levels seem to affect significantly the pattern of travel to paid work. Travel to non-agricultural work takes more time for both women and men living in households with monthly income above Tshs 100,000. For men this time is close to 70 minutes and for women is about 50 minutes. Conversely, it is women and men living in the poorest households who spend more time travelling to primary production work, about 73 minutes per day, for both women and men. This is not at all surprising and simply reflects households’ different activity profiles. It is also important to not that the mode of travel (by public or private transport, or by foot) may vary greatly across locations as well as by gender, with low income women in rural areas more likely to walk. For both men and women, time spent travelling for non-agricultural work is higher if they do not have young children but time spent travelling for agricultural work and for home management and care is slightly lower for families without young children.
There appears not to be a strong correlation between the absence of public transports, and of market and hospital facilities, and the average time of travel. This applies to both men’s and women’s patterns. However there are differences among types of travel (the absence of public transports and other facilities seems to increase the average travel duration for primary production but not the travel duration for non-agricultural work and for home related activities). These patterns are rather unclear, might be related to the mode of travel and deserve further analysis. As a way of summarising this brief and preliminary account of gender patterns in travel, Figure 6.1 and Figure 6.2 highlight differences between men and women in the share of total travel time required by various activities. 33
Page 1 and 2: Gendered Patterns of Time Use in Ta
Page 3 and 4: Tables Table 3.1 Average time spent
Page 5 and 6: population by sex for adults 27 Tab
Page 7 and 8: 1. Introduction This paper examines
Page 9 and 10: 2. Data The TUS was undertaken by t
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3.1: Female and male shares
Page 13 and 14: Women spend three times as much as
Page 15 and 16: only 4.5 percent of all households
Page 17 and 18: Table 4.1.5: Participation rate, me
Page 19 and 20: Who are the ‘overburdened’? The
Page 21 and 22: Men and women working in ‘subsist
Page 23 and 24: in the urban areas. This is a more
Page 27 and 28: Figure 4.2.1: Distribution of femal
Page 29 and 30: Does the income level matter? As il
Page 31 and 32: Differences in participation patter
Page 33 and 34: 5.2. Other household maintenance Wo
Page 37: 6. Patterns of travel We also exami
Page 41 and 42: Figure 6.3 and Figure 6.4 show diff
Page 43 and 44: We then took the exercise a little
Page 45 and 46: References Arvidson, A., and M. Nor
Page 47 and 48: ANNEXES Annex 1 - Full list of acti
Page 49 and 50: 420 Cleaning house and surroundings
Page 51 and 52: celebrations 820 Participating in r
Page 53 and 54: Annex 2 Table A1 - Aggregations and
Page 55 and 56: Annex 4 - Methodology Data descript
Page 57 and 58: p Average minutes per day of partic
Page 59: o Men rural poor o Men rural non po

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