Patterns of time use in Tanzania: how to make public investment in ...
Patterns of time use in Tanzania: how to make public investment in ...
Patterns of time use in Tanzania: how to make public investment in ...
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Does the <strong>in</strong>come level matter?<br />
As illustrated <strong>in</strong> Table 5.1.3, the level <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>come does not seem <strong>to</strong> be an<br />
important determ<strong>in</strong>ant <strong>of</strong> <strong>time</strong> devoted <strong>to</strong> food preparation. It is worth<br />
not<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>how</strong>ever, that <strong>in</strong> ho<strong>use</strong>holds with monthly <strong>in</strong>come below Tshs 50,000<br />
female participation rates are higher (96 percent compared with 92 percent <strong>in</strong><br />
richer ho<strong>use</strong>holds) but the average duration <strong>time</strong> is slightly lower (150<br />
m<strong>in</strong>utes per day compared with 155 m<strong>in</strong>utes) than <strong>in</strong> other ho<strong>use</strong>holds. As<br />
for men, both their participation rates and the average duration <strong>of</strong> their<br />
<strong>in</strong>volvement are higher <strong>in</strong> poorer ho<strong>use</strong>holds, but still much lower than for<br />
the female members with similar levels <strong>of</strong> ho<strong>use</strong>hold <strong>in</strong>come. When analys<strong>in</strong>g<br />
ho<strong>use</strong>holds at the very <strong>to</strong>p decile <strong>of</strong> the <strong>in</strong>come distribution, the proportion <strong>of</strong><br />
women and men do<strong>in</strong>g some cook<strong>in</strong>g drops (80 per cent for women and 5<br />
percent for men). This ho<strong>use</strong>hold group <strong>how</strong>ever is only a small fraction <strong>of</strong> all<br />
ho<strong>use</strong>holds.<br />
Table 5.1.3: Participation rate, mean <strong>time</strong> among participants and mean <strong>time</strong><br />
among population by sex and ho<strong>use</strong>hold <strong>in</strong>come<br />
Adult females Adult males<br />
Y100,000 Y100,000<br />
23<br />
Percentage (%)<br />
Participation rate 95.6 95.2 92.3 37.9 32.5 31.6<br />
Absolute m<strong>in</strong>utes per day<br />
Mean among participants 150.3 155.8 155.2 49.5 47.8 40.0<br />
Mean among population 143.6 148.3 143.2 18.8 15.6 12.6<br />
Source: Calculations from the 2006 <strong>Tanzania</strong> TUS<br />
Does headship matter?<br />
Women <strong>in</strong> male headed ho<strong>use</strong>holds spend about 30 m<strong>in</strong>utes longer every day<br />
on food preparation than women <strong>in</strong> female headed ho<strong>use</strong>holds. There is only<br />
a slight difference between male headed ho<strong>use</strong>holds and female headed<br />
ho<strong>use</strong>holds <strong>in</strong> the <strong>time</strong> devoted by adult males <strong>to</strong> cook<strong>in</strong>g, but male<br />
participation rates are higher <strong>in</strong> female headed ho<strong>use</strong>holds than <strong>in</strong> male<br />
headed ones (44 percent compared with 34 percent).<br />
Table 5.1.4: Participation rate, mean <strong>time</strong> among participants and mean <strong>time</strong><br />
among population by sex and headship<br />
Adult females Adult males<br />
Female Head Male Head Female Head Male Head<br />
Percentage (%)<br />
Participation rate 93.4 95.6 43.6 34.0<br />
Absolute m<strong>in</strong>utes per day<br />
Mean among participants 134.4 160.9 50.0 47.0<br />
Mean among population 125.6 153.8 21.8 16.0<br />
Source: Calculations from the 2006 <strong>Tanzania</strong> TUS
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