- Page 1 and 2: Université de POITIERS UFR des Sci
- Page 3 and 4: III. Les coûts de la reproduction:
- Page 5 and 6: Remarque : Le format de cette thès
- Page 7 and 8: 5. Bonnet X, Lourdais O, Shine R. &
- Page 9 and 10: Résumé : Le nombre d'épisodes re
- Page 11 and 12: Introduction générale Un saumon r
- Page 13 and 14: contrastées comme un oiseau longé
- Page 15 and 16: succès d’une reproduction donné
- Page 17: de compromis entre les traits d’h
- Page 21 and 22: annuelle, il existe néanmoins des
- Page 23 and 24: impliquer une collaboration complex
- Page 25 and 26: aspic femelle dans l’0uest de la
- Page 27 and 28: A. Résumé du chapitre: Si la biol
- Page 29 and 30: C. Répartition de l’espèce et d
- Page 31 and 32: études ont été conduites sur les
- Page 33 and 34: thermorégulation les femelles repr
- Page 35 and 36: La situation des femelles contraste
- Page 37 and 38: Effort: II. La gestation (2 à 3 mo
- Page 39 and 40: (Naulleau et al. 1996) et tout indi
- Page 41 and 42: Deux périodes biologiques ont ét
- Page 43 and 44: oxygène (avec l’aide technique d
- Page 45 and 46: années précédentes. La qualité
- Page 47 and 48: II. Le système d’allocation de l
- Page 49 and 50: femelles reproductrices capturées
- Page 51 and 52: B. Article 1 Short-term versus long
- Page 53 and 54: Introduction The relative allocatio
- Page 55 and 56: ovulation, rather than being provid
- Page 57 and 58: study area of approximately 33 ha c
- Page 59 and 60: masses obtained during the periods
- Page 61 and 62: We recorded the number, mass (± 0.
- Page 63 and 64: To ensure that these biases did not
- Page 65 and 66: Influence of maternal body length o
- Page 67 and 68: The predicted negative relationship
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included as a correcting factor, th
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explained by maternal weight change
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i) Reproductive frequency showed su
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Figure 8. Annual variation in mean
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(see above). Our study also shows t
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animals that were potentially repro
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Acknowledgements We thank L. Schmid
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Abstract Some organisms rely on sto
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can support the entire reproductive
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this enclosure. After mating (late
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values. To do so, the data for SVL
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We pooled data from the two groups
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F(1.34)= 9.04; p < 0.005). The dive
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Discussion The experimental data fr
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developing ova) among the high-inta
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D. Article 3 Capital-breeding and r
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Introduction Variation in reproduct
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temperature affect reproductive out
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Initial total body length and body
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parturient mass of the mother. Gest
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Temperature - during the course of
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significantly (ANOVA, F(8, 257) = 3
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Table 2. Correlation between matern
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9.92; dl = 3; p = 0.02) rather than
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Table 3. Combined influences of mea
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Discussion Previous studies on this
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1983b). While our data show no corr
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iology of female vipers. The snakes
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A. Résumé du chapitre: Au cours d
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développement embryonnaire qui se
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B. Article 4 Reproduction in a typi
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Introduction The extensive scientif
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eserves in the course of reproducti
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Materials and methods Animals and s
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escaped capture during three consec
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expenditure over that period: (body
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eproductive status and survival are
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PROBABOLITY OF SURVIVAL (%) GROWTH
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opportunity to reproduce again. Ove
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5. Maternal body condition post-par
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Figure. 2. Relationships between a
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significant opportunities to reprod
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eproduction, females shift from a v
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eproductive success and recovery at
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C. Article 5 Costs of anorexia duri
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Introduction Life history theory ha
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of appetite intrinsically associate
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number, mass (± 0.1 g) and length
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Hence, using either initial group t
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Body mass (grams) 160 140 120 100 8
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or more importantly fit litter size
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D. Article 6 Gestation, thermoregul
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Introduction Reproduction represent
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associated with hormonal changes (H
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Materials and Methods Origin and De
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Table 1: Details on the number of f
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that are frequent in Aspic viper’
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snakes (ANCOVA with Log - BM as the
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Mass Adjusted Oxygen Consumption Lo
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Effect of Fecundity on Oxygen Consu
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p = 0.80), suggesting that the cont
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Discussion The data from this inves
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1979), until a sufficient store (th
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females; Bonnet et al. 2002b). In t
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females to sustain metabolism at a
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E. Article 7 What is the Appropriat
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Introduction One of the primary aim
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comparison that is an aim of life-h
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offspring). We examined the data to
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For the analysis of survival rates
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stages of their reproductive cycles
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to reproductive activities, but non
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misleading if they compare differen
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similar relationships between repro
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IV. Les déterminants de la tendanc
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parturition en faveur des itéropar
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B. Article 8 Y-a-t’il un avantage
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Introduction L’extraordinaire div
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itéroparité (Hautekèete et al. 2
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océanique tempéré et avec des va
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du suivi (9 ans d’études) et la
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Table 1. Proportion d’individus i
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Table 2. Suite Traits facteurs co-f
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masses pre-partum avec des femelles
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jeunes. En dépit de l’absence d
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intimement liée au niveau d’amai
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C. Article 9 Do sex divergences in
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Introduction Descriptions of variat
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aspis Linné), probably the most in
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a result, the catchability pattern
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Population estimates were calculate
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individual respectively - Marti 199
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Demographic patterns In the spring,
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p
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Table 4. Examination of annual chan
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activities are somewhat a classical
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al. 2001b). However, the proportion
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vipers shows that within the array
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Les données obtenues dans ce trava
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variables : la reproduction va êtr
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Pour les vipères qui survivent jus
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supérieure à 4-5) au cours de la
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Scénario de transition vers la sem
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Bibliographie A. Anderson RA & Kar
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Bennett AF & Dawson WR (1976) Metab
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Bonnet X, Naulleau G & Lourdais O (
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Chao A, Lee SM & Jeng SL (1992) Est
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D. Darwin C (1859) On the origin o
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Farr DR & Gregory PT (1991) Sources
- Page 287 and 288:
H. Hahn WE & Tinkle DW (1965) Fat
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Lebreton JD, Burnham KP, Clobert J
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Méndez De La Cruz FR, Guillette LJ
- Page 293 and 294:
Nichols JD, Hepp GR, Pollock KH & H
- Page 295 and 296:
Reznick DN (1985) Costs of reproduc
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Seigel RA (1993) Summary : future r
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altered adrenocortical activity. Jo
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Winkler DW & Wallin K (1987) Offspr
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Abstract. Climatic conditions durin
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embryogenesis and thus, shorten the
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Although many authors have stressed
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Thermal conditions In our study are
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=16±7). The influence of daily max
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as well as by the frequencies of in
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(χ 2 = 0.24; dl = 1; p = 0.62, poo
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orn aspic vipers. Notably, mean tem
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into cooler, more northern areas (N
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Burger, J. and Zappalorti R.T. 1988
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Naulleau, G. 1979. Etude biotélém
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pythons. Ecology, 78: 1713-1721. Sl
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Captions to figures Figure 1. Annua
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Number of Ventral scales 151 150 14
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Figure 4 331