The relationship between total food intake (g) - CEBC - CNRS

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Effort: Résumé des grandes étapes de l’effort reproducteur et des contraintes associées: I. La folliculogénèse (3 mois): Figure 3. folliculogénèse observée par résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) Mobilisation des réserves lipidiques, protéiques pour la synthèse de vitellus Recrutement et croissance folliculaire: allocation de temps, d’énergie et de Contraintes: matière dans la formation des oeufs Besoins thermiques élevés, thermophilie, Exposition aux prédateurs. 36
Effort: II. La gestation (2 à 3 mois): Figure 4. Vipère aspic gestante en thermorégulation Déplacement vers des optimums thermiques élevés pour l’embryogénèse Epuisement des réserves et catabolisme protéique Contraintes: Figure 5. Comparaison de la partie postérieure d’une vipère aspic avant (en haut) et après (en bas) la mise-bas <strong>The</strong>rmophilie accentuée, exposition très fréquente. Diminution des déplacements et des prises alimentaires. Etat physiologique critique après la parturition 37
Page 1 and 2: Université de POITIERS UFR des Sci
Page 3 and 4: III. Les coûts de la reproduction:
Page 5 and 6: Remarque : Le format de cette thès
Page 7 and 8: 5. Bonnet X, Lourdais O, Shine R. &
Page 9 and 10: Résumé : Le nombre d'épisodes re
Page 11 and 12: Introduction générale Un saumon r
Page 13 and 14: contrastées comme un oiseau longé
Page 15 and 16: succès d’une reproduction donné
Page 17 and 18: de compromis entre les traits d’h
Page 19 and 20: façons différentes selon que la r
Page 21 and 22: annuelle, il existe néanmoins des
Page 23 and 24: impliquer une collaboration complex
Page 25 and 26: aspic femelle dans l’0uest de la
Page 27 and 28: A. Résumé du chapitre: Si la biol
Page 29 and 30: C. Répartition de l’espèce et d
Page 31 and 32: études ont été conduites sur les
Page 33 and 34: thermorégulation les femelles repr
Page 35: La situation des femelles contraste
Page 39 and 40: (Naulleau et al. 1996) et tout indi
Page 41 and 42: Deux périodes biologiques ont ét
Page 43 and 44: oxygène (avec l’aide technique d
Page 45 and 46: années précédentes. La qualité
Page 47 and 48: II. Le système d’allocation de l
Page 49 and 50: femelles reproductrices capturées
Page 51 and 52: B. Article 1 Short-term versus long
Page 53 and 54: Introduction The relative allocatio
Page 55 and 56: ovulation, rather than being provid
Page 57 and 58: study area of approximately 33 ha c
Page 59 and 60: masses obtained during the periods
Page 61 and 62: We recorded the number, mass (± 0.
Page 63 and 64: To ensure that these biases did not
Page 65 and 66: Influence of maternal body length o
Page 67 and 68: The predicted negative relationship
Page 69 and 70: included as a correcting factor, th
Page 71 and 72: explained by maternal weight change
Page 73 and 74: i) Reproductive frequency showed su
Page 75 and 76: Figure 8. Annual variation in mean
Page 77 and 78: (see above). Our study also shows t
Page 79 and 80: animals that were potentially repro
Page 81 and 82: Acknowledgements We thank L. Schmid
Page 83 and 84: Abstract Some organisms rely on sto
Page 85 and 86: can support the entire reproductive
Page 87 and 88:
this enclosure. After mating (late
Page 89 and 90:
values. To do so, the data for SVL
Page 91 and 92:
We pooled data from the two groups
Page 93 and 94:
F(1.34)= 9.04; p < 0.005). The dive
Page 95 and 96:
Discussion The experimental data fr
Page 97 and 98:
developing ova) among the high-inta
Page 99 and 100:
D. Article 3 Capital-breeding and r
Page 101 and 102:
Introduction Variation in reproduct
Page 103 and 104:
temperature affect reproductive out
Page 105 and 106:
Initial total body length and body
Page 107 and 108:
parturient mass of the mother. Gest
Page 109 and 110:
Temperature - during the course of
Page 111 and 112:
significantly (ANOVA, F(8, 257) = 3
Page 113 and 114:
Table 2. Correlation between matern
Page 115 and 116:
9.92; dl = 3; p = 0.02) rather than
Page 117 and 118:
Table 3. Combined influences of mea
Page 119 and 120:
Discussion Previous studies on this
Page 121 and 122:
1983b). While our data show no corr
Page 123 and 124:
iology of female vipers. The snakes
Page 125 and 126:
A. Résumé du chapitre: Au cours d
Page 127 and 128:
développement embryonnaire qui se
Page 129 and 130:
B. Article 4 Reproduction in a typi
Page 131 and 132:
Introduction The extensive scientif
Page 133 and 134:
eserves in the course of reproducti
Page 135 and 136:
Materials and methods Animals and s
Page 137 and 138:
escaped capture during three consec
Page 139 and 140:
expenditure over that period: (body
Page 141 and 142:
eproductive status and survival are
Page 143 and 144:
PROBABOLITY OF SURVIVAL (%) GROWTH
Page 145 and 146:
opportunity to reproduce again. Ove
Page 147 and 148:
5. Maternal body condition post-par
Page 149 and 150:
Figure. 2. Relationships between a
Page 151 and 152:
significant opportunities to reprod
Page 153 and 154:
eproduction, females shift from a v
Page 155 and 156:
eproductive success and recovery at
Page 157 and 158:
C. Article 5 Costs of anorexia duri
Page 159 and 160:
Introduction Life history theory ha
Page 161 and 162:
of appetite intrinsically associate
Page 163 and 164:
number, mass (± 0.1 g) and length
Page 165 and 166:
Hence, using either initial group t
Page 167 and 168:
Body mass (grams) 160 140 120 100 8
Page 169 and 170:
or more importantly fit litter size
Page 171 and 172:
D. Article 6 Gestation, thermoregul
Page 173 and 174:
Introduction Reproduction represent
Page 175 and 176:
associated with hormonal changes (H
Page 177 and 178:
Materials and Methods Origin and De
Page 179 and 180:
Table 1: Details on the number of f
Page 181 and 182:
that are frequent in Aspic viper’
Page 183 and 184:
snakes (ANCOVA with Log - BM as the
Page 185 and 186:
Mass Adjusted Oxygen Consumption Lo
Page 187 and 188:
Effect of Fecundity on Oxygen Consu
Page 189 and 190:
p = 0.80), suggesting that the cont
Page 191 and 192:
Discussion The data from this inves
Page 193 and 194:
1979), until a sufficient store (th
Page 195 and 196:
females; Bonnet et al. 2002b). In t
Page 197 and 198:
females to sustain metabolism at a
Page 199 and 200:
E. Article 7 What is the Appropriat
Page 201 and 202:
Introduction One of the primary aim
Page 203 and 204:
comparison that is an aim of life-h
Page 205 and 206:
offspring). We examined the data to
Page 207 and 208:
For the analysis of survival rates
Page 209 and 210:
stages of their reproductive cycles
Page 211 and 212:
to reproductive activities, but non
Page 213 and 214:
misleading if they compare differen
Page 215 and 216:
similar relationships between repro
Page 217 and 218:
IV. Les déterminants de la tendanc
Page 219 and 220:
parturition en faveur des itéropar
Page 221 and 222:
B. Article 8 Y-a-t’il un avantage
Page 223 and 224:
Introduction L’extraordinaire div
Page 225 and 226:
itéroparité (Hautekèete et al. 2
Page 227 and 228:
océanique tempéré et avec des va
Page 229 and 230:
du suivi (9 ans d’études) et la
Page 231 and 232:
Table 1. Proportion d’individus i
Page 233 and 234:
Table 2. Suite Traits facteurs co-f
Page 235 and 236:
masses pre-partum avec des femelles
Page 237 and 238:
jeunes. En dépit de l’absence d
Page 239 and 240:
intimement liée au niveau d’amai
Page 241 and 242:
C. Article 9 Do sex divergences in
Page 243 and 244:
Introduction Descriptions of variat
Page 245 and 246:
aspis Linné), probably the most in
Page 247 and 248:
a result, the catchability pattern
Page 249 and 250:
Population estimates were calculate
Page 251 and 252:
individual respectively - Marti 199
Page 253 and 254:
Demographic patterns In the spring,
Page 255 and 256:
p
Page 257 and 258:
Table 4. Examination of annual chan
Page 259 and 260:
activities are somewhat a classical
Page 261 and 262:
al. 2001b). However, the proportion
Page 263 and 264:
vipers shows that within the array
Page 265 and 266:
Les données obtenues dans ce trava
Page 267 and 268:
variables : la reproduction va êtr
Page 269 and 270:
Pour les vipères qui survivent jus
Page 271 and 272:
supérieure à 4-5) au cours de la
Page 273 and 274:
Scénario de transition vers la sem
Page 275 and 276:
Bibliographie A. Anderson RA & Kar
Page 277 and 278:
Bennett AF & Dawson WR (1976) Metab
Page 279 and 280:
Bonnet X, Naulleau G & Lourdais O (
Page 281 and 282:
Chao A, Lee SM & Jeng SL (1992) Est
Page 283 and 284:
D. Darwin C (1859) On the origin o
Page 285 and 286:
Farr DR & Gregory PT (1991) Sources
Page 287 and 288:
H. Hahn WE & Tinkle DW (1965) Fat
Page 289 and 290:
Lebreton JD, Burnham KP, Clobert J
Page 291 and 292:
Méndez De La Cruz FR, Guillette LJ
Page 293 and 294:
Nichols JD, Hepp GR, Pollock KH & H
Page 295 and 296:
Reznick DN (1985) Costs of reproduc
Page 297 and 298:
Seigel RA (1993) Summary : future r
Page 299 and 300:
altered adrenocortical activity. Jo
Page 301 and 302:
Winkler DW & Wallin K (1987) Offspr
Page 303 and 304:
Abstract. Climatic conditions durin
Page 305 and 306:
embryogenesis and thus, shorten the
Page 307 and 308:
Although many authors have stressed
Page 309 and 310:
Thermal conditions In our study are
Page 311 and 312:
=16±7). The influence of daily max
Page 313 and 314:
as well as by the frequencies of in
Page 315 and 316:
(χ 2 = 0.24; dl = 1; p = 0.62, poo
Page 317 and 318:
orn aspic vipers. Notably, mean tem
Page 319 and 320:
into cooler, more northern areas (N
Page 321 and 322:
Burger, J. and Zappalorti R.T. 1988
Page 323 and 324:
Naulleau, G. 1979. Etude biotélém
Page 325 and 326:
pythons. Ecology, 78: 1713-1721. Sl
Page 327 and 328:
Captions to figures Figure 1. Annua
Page 329 and 330:
Number of Ventral scales 151 150 14
Page 331:
Figure 4 331
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