Queen Mary and Westfield College London University PhD Thesis ...

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Table 4b: BETHLEM & BRIDEWELL PHYSICIANS 1619-1816 Helkiah Crooke Thomas Nurse Thomas Allen Edward Tyson Richard Hale James Monro 13 Apr 1619- 24 May 1633 Dismissed Othewell Meverall ?? 1634- 13 Jul 1648 Deceased John Monro Thomas Monro 21 Jul 1648- 9 Jun 1667 Deceased 26 Jun 1667-b19 Dec 1684 Deceased 19 Dec 1684- 1 Aug 1708 Deceased 10 Sep 1708- 26 Sep 1728 Deceased (sole) 9 Oct 1728- 21 Jun 1751 (joint) 21 Jun 1751-3/4 Nov 1752 Deceased (joint) 21 Jun 1751-3/4 Nov 1752 (sole) 3/4 Nov 1752- 19 Jul 1787 (joint) 19 Jul 1787- 27 Dec 1791 Deceased (joint) 19 Jul 1787- 27 Dec 1791 (sole) 27 Dec 1791- Jun 1816 Dismissed KEY: b=by joint=serving jointly as physician sole=serving alone 322
Table 4c: BETIILEM & BRIDEWELL APOTHECARIES 1634-1816 Ralph Yardley James James Jeremy Lester John Pelling William Dickenson John Adams Widow Adams (temp.) William Elderton 1634-b16 Jan 1656 Deceased 16 Jan 1656-b15 Mar 1678 Deceased 15 Mar 1678-bll Dec 1685 Deceased all Dec 1685- b5 Apr 1689 Deceased 19 Apr 1689-b20 Mar 1696 Deceased 27 Mar 1696-b18 Feb 1715 Deceased 25 Feb 1715- 25 Mar 1715 Replaced 25 Mar 1715-b22 May 1751 Replaced John Winder (resident) 22 May 1751-b25 Jun 1772 Resigned John Gozna (resident) 9 Jul 1772-bil Jul 1795 Deceased John Haslam (resident) ?? 1795- Jun 1816 Dismissed KEY: b=by a=after 323
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Queen Mary and Westfield College Lo
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Abbreviations Contents Chapter 1 In
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Acknowledgments The list of those I
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Chapter 1 Introduction: The Histori
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to 'be interesting' rather than ana
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paradigm of insanity' 9, and in ord
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that the development and practice o
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cure remained a vital object of the
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Introduction Chapter 2 Visiting In
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accessibility' ?12 It is not enough
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would tend to verify the statements
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ernors concerning the conduct of st
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The Exhortatory Show And The Visito
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een worn by the apprentices of Brid
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more likely a patient was to receiv
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e compared to Isabella's role in Th
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egard the patients of Bethiem as th
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theorists and moralists were accord
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Lockean psychology on the Age of Re
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of madness onto society more often
Page 41 and 42:
applied to visiting Bethiem. Thus,
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always mischievous; and that 'if ev
Page 45 and 46:
a similar fashion, in The Changelin
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Although the 8taff knew 'nothing ab
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and the corners of her mouth raised
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and to obtain most 'cause for laugh
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periods, the 'Sport' often became r
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For Anne Digby, too, public visitin
Page 57 and 58:
England and France went to consider
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alias Joseph Warton, in The Adventu
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a year of its opening, he 'was so c
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so contrary an effect' on him that
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sympathy for 'those under such Dism
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or woman 'of feeling'. From searchi
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It was no mere coincidence that Tho
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themselves', three years before thi
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without the Direction of Reason and
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expostutated, after outlining the s
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e sad', indicates how little had ch
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may well have been confined by in l
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Tryon that visitors were allowed an
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Tryon had alleged that I3ethlern wa
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cells, and only 'afforded' the usua
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Moorfields can have done little to
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to the amelioration of such conditi
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Sundays when visitors were barred 3
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acco began to come into better favo
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crusading endeavours to tighten lic
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to have secreted nearly £12 in her
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in four public newspapers and poste
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adjustments had to be made to the b
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carceral institutions447. If such d
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Like Swift, Mackenzie, in his The M
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Governors what a provocation naked
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observed a male patient leap on the
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to mental and physical health, and
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infirmaries, unless friends or rela
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The only question Carkesse records
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pots 'in the Spectators' Faces'522.
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y visiting 'the hospitals about thi
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Court dealt with both complaints in
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in excess of expenditure. By 1770,
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Hyde in 1781, and Jane Gibbs in 180
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whose immediate care they were573 D
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N N Uj I- LA 0 0 (n . 0 I U C CL I
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Fig. 2d Stone rigur.s o? '1s1ancho1
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Fig. 2g New Beth1en in Moorfields c
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- -,.----1 T 1fi' a - -4Ti L- I F1
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Pig. 2k View of Betbiern at Moorfie
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The fact of the matter is that hist
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emoved the artificial obstacles sta
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edding permitted' at I3ethlem is il
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semi-naked state. James Carkesse co
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when provided with them36. Benefact
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charged if their securities failed
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essaries were still 'wanting for th
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equired 'Sheeted Beds'. While 22% i
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deemed capable of looking after the
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subject of considerable censure in
Page 161 and 162:
Indeed, there is very little direct
Page 163 and 164:
vaults at most 100 . Generally in t
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or lousy 'Kennels' was viewed by ma
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concern for matters of hygiene and
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hospitals and prisons'. Moreover, t
Page 171 and 172:
one means of subjugating the signs
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have supposed. Awareness of the nee
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and that the Committee regularly we
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lunacy, as a means of enclosing the
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of the darkness of Bethiem had as m
Page 181 and 182:
the sober splendour of the hospital
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It would be erroneous to suggest, h
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the weather in contemporary medical
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Diet: feeding and starving the poor
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to Bethiem until 1708, by which tim
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to mechanistic theories of diseased
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in, the eighteenth century hospital
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D inner: Supper: Dinner: Supper: DI
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which was an intermittent source of
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What was missing from the Governors
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aged the Matron and Cook to 'scum y
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'every indulgence, which oeconomy p
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Bethlem, in 1692, that the care of
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seems at least to have acted as a s
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occupying patients after mid-centur
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of which Bethiem has been the great
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most other witnesses at the 1815/16
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Bethlem338 In the period before the
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number of Lunatikes' and of 'their
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with appropriate medicaments, and d
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Chains were imposed as a matter of
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against his physical or moral emanc
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a patient was restrained and of the
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ential, when viewed in the context
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unhealthy obstructions, and even at
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p[re]dudiciall to the said hospital
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cells throughout the period, and th
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apeutic/classificatory division of
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the Governors claimed (with an iron
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(agreeing to abate the entire sum o
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access (with the complicity of staf
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of Bridewell and Bethlem 'proposed'
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Fig. 3a City Surveyor, George Dance
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Pig. 3c g160 I, G -t ? Detail from
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Robinson and Robert Whytt, amongst
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Appointments, patronage, sa1arie an
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and accounting of patients' fees an
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independent right to govern the hos
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At the beginning of the eighteenth
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London for seven years when appoint
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sity, and had accompanied his fathe
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een well groomed for the Bethlem po
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despite his preparedness to serve w
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not succeed his master directly to
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attendance from that of other physi
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the hospitals by checking the Apoth
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medical attention might occasionall
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predecessors to absenteeism. With t
Page 277 and 278: however, and the assessment of The
Page 279 and 280: with the Apothecary, the size of hi
Page 281 and 282: apprentices and staff of Bridewell,
Page 283 and 284: Nurse had a 'great practice in the
Page 285 and 286: Bride, where he was resident, in su
Page 287 and 288: estates to comfortably bring in an
Page 289 and 290: his appointment'63. Therapy or negl
Page 291 and 292: those admitted to the hospital, was
Page 293 and 294: idiculed and censured by his enemie
Page 295 and 296: give presentations upon numerous po
Page 297 and 298: the conduct of numerous demonstrati
Page 299 and 300: can hardly have been expected to ab
Page 301 and 302: Indeed, hunter and Macalpine did so
Page 303 and 304: (including the hire of 'a Midwife'
Page 305 and 306: Lunacy', but also for her 'sore leg
Page 307 and 308: he had performed, his quantifying o
Page 309 and 310: physical injury to patients. One mu
Page 311 and 312: sertion of Teresia Constantia Phill
Page 313 and 314: part of the century, the Board cons
Page 315 and 316: a great deal of cause for practitio
Page 317 and 318: the patient', and claimed that, not
Page 319 and 320: assessment that 'very little of rea
Page 321 and 322: negative in the extreme. Rather tha
Page 323 and 324: The revolution represented by St. L
Page 325 and 326: introduction of the therapy of cold
Page 327: LO N- F—I _C)
Page 331 and 332: Introduction Chapter 5 The Rule of
Page 333 and 334: and most reviled of all, while 'Bed
Page 335 and 336: however, this ruling was to be inst
Page 337 and 338: of the office, than with the profli
Page 339 and 340: father's social standing; 'a grave
Page 341 and 342: Nicholson, Jewson and others, have
Page 343 and 344: and servants. During the seventeent
Page 345 and 346: Nixon had formerly been basketmen,
Page 347 and 348: mittee of governors, prompted by a
Page 349 and 350: than the rule at Bethlem. At St. Ba
Page 351 and 352: Male and female servants alike were
Page 353 and 354: active governor, while Joseph Arnol
Page 355 and 356: of interest on the Governors' part,
Page 357 and 358: discharge, without any sign of disa
Page 359 and 360: Bridewell'31. Inferior officers far
Page 361 and 362: instead of increasing staff salarie
Page 363 and 364: While Bethlem servants' wages remai
Page 365 and 366: almost expected that Stewards would
Page 367 and 368: With Bethlem's resiting and expansi
Page 369 and 370: servants to care for them; at 1:17.
Page 371 and 372: side the Porter, he was also suppos
Page 373 and 374: were paramount as never before. She
Page 375 and 376: Matron, three basketmen and a singl
Page 377 and 378: personall Attendance is required bo
Page 379 and 380:
a result220. Indeed, there are indi
Page 381 and 382:
Naturally, attendance was healthier
Page 383 and 384:
careers. Basketmen were found guilt
Page 385 and 386:
is unknown2as. Between 1700 and 177
Page 387 and 388:
Thomas Willis, writing in 1672, cur
Page 389 and 390:
punishment as counter-productive, b
Page 391 and 392:
Katherine Goodfellow of 'abuses...d
Page 393 and 394:
eminence as a place of cruelty towa
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abuse of patients by Bethlem staff
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instructed to 'locke her upp in one
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The period of Langley's Stewardship
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of supplementing staff's meagre wag
Page 403 and 404:
forbidden repeatedly not 'upon any
Page 405 and 406:
0Ø 0) WI;:!, w CO 0' 1 IC) EC1)
Page 407 and 408:
- cr I- Cl) LO+ C,) 0 N- 0000000 (0
Page 409 and 410:
0 co C C') 0 (0 (0 C C C (0 10 .o -
Page 411 and 412:
Humphrey Withers Isaac Mount John H
Page 413 and 414:
Table 5e: Bethlem Matrons (& Nurses
Page 415 and 416:
Chapter 6 Patients, Obligors, and t
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als. The final section, on the subj
Page 419 and 420:
weekly charge for patients, and the
Page 421 and 422:
from 5/to 2/6 per week, a ceiling a
Page 423 and 424:
insane, transferring or diverting m
Page 425 and 426:
at the direction of Mr. Arnold, a g
Page 427 and 428:
to Bethiem in 1654 at a weekly char
Page 429 and 430:
compassion being eroded at the eigh
Page 431 and 432:
Many obligors had, in fact, been mo
Page 433 and 434:
(a friend of Tyson's and a writer o
Page 435 and 436:
howse.. .[he] should have bene take
Page 437 and 438:
in Figs 6d & 6e, which graph the se
Page 439 and 440:
Prior to 1662, a year's residence h
Page 441 and 442:
insane could be. The Bethlem Board
Page 443 and 444:
acting on reports from persons unna
Page 445 and 446:
abandonment of children described a
Page 447 and 448:
handicapped105. It was the continue
Page 449 and 450:
greater control over admissions aft
Page 451 and 452:
ack home. When, for example, in 167
Page 453 and 454:
Indeed, both Newell and Toote had b
Page 455 and 456:
madhouses who complained bitterly o
Page 457 and 458:
the appropriate action to be taken;
Page 459 and 460:
other patients under severe threat
Page 461 and 462:
to keep them at home or elsewhere w
Page 463 and 464:
22 (or 22%) record that patients we
Page 465 and 466:
desire for the cure of the afflicte
Page 467 and 468:
the patient was provided for and 'r
Page 469 and 470:
examine in any depth what the threa
Page 471 and 472:
children & them Mischief'208. With
Page 473 and 474:
numerous accusations of this nature
Page 475 and 476:
one's own property was even less co
Page 477 and 478:
ill of today attempt (or gain) acce
Page 479 and 480:
1670-1762 after delivering letters,
Page 481 and 482:
the scales of justice in the prison
Page 483 and 484:
mirror on his accusers2 On the othe
Page 485 and 486:
fined at Bethlem or elsewhere witho
Page 487 and 488:
tunes earlier, such behaviour was l
Page 489 and 490:
to look after them, but, if orphane
Page 491 and 492:
members of the new Bethiem Committe
Page 493 and 494:
and Bridewell. From the notorious b
Page 495 and 496:
earthly, medical means. Moreover, w
Page 497 and 498:
ate of female patients over male, f
Page 499 and 500:
a similarly grim, if rather incompl
Page 501 and 502:
months before her admission to Beth
Page 503 and 504:
a temporary or exigency measure, un
Page 505 and 506:
at Bethnal Green madhouse, and one
Page 507 and 508:
hospital, over 22% of male admissio
Page 509 and 510:
insensibility, to a prolonged, vege
Page 511 and 512:
considered somewhat tautological. T
Page 513 and 514:
did more for its public and paying
Page 515 and 516:
0 '4— CI, C a) E I. a) (I) CI, C
Page 517 and 518:
N.. 1 m '0 a' In (U U- U IA 0 U. Ii
Page 519 and 520:
a' '0 (1) k4 '1 P'II 0 p 3' C X X C
Page 521 and 522:
'ic) so 40 34 1' (0 icg 6g (,motIr)
Page 523 and 524:
cc) 7ci 60 (0 - —2. Z-3 S-5 5-Jo
Page 525 and 526:
w (0 E a) -D CC m 0 4-. '4- 0 C 0 -
Page 527 and 528:
Table 6b: Occupations Iwhere record
Page 529 and 530:
Table 6c: Patients' Occupations (wh
Page 531 and 532:
Table 6d: Occupations (where record
Page 533 and 534:
0 Q) Oi co ' ,- . I -- aci) (0 0, 0
Page 535 and 536:
TABLE PE T ITI rs FOR A MISSION TO
Page 537 and 538:
TOTALS 345 101-150km Place km Numbe
Page 539 and 540:
ci) cci E ci) ccO ,T .r 'a) Ea Co 0
Page 541 and 542:
C 0 Co Co E 0 CO CO cO -a-Cf) 1 0 C
Page 543 and 544:
TABLEi(cQnt.l - DataOf Died' ______
Page 545 and 546:
7b1e O csrRc FO& '!NCUMPLE' PATIENT
Page 547 and 548:
TABLE PATIENTS' TOTAL JURATION OF S
Page 549 and 550:
0 C,) 0 aa- 'I- 0 Cl) C) SI 0 F- 0
Page 551 and 552:
4., '-4 El z 0p-I U) U) I-i ON
Page 553 and 554:
\0 0 U) z 0 HU) U) H rL4r-4 0 U) U)
Page 555 and 556:
ality of Bethlem's ancillary staff,
Page 557 and 558:
function of extirpation, or was the
Page 559 and 560:
• AppendiX 2a(ii) Grand Committee
Page 561 and 562:
Appendix 2a(ii) continued t1 é i12
Page 563 and 564:
H11RLRUIK METHODIST. To the Tune of
Page 565 and 566:
:.L Appendix 3a(i) George Dance 'B
Page 567 and 568:
Appendix 3b Prices & Composition of
Page 569 and 570:
, Ii_ 6?Jd'4 L nLJ;:. — i %, t 3f
Page 571 and 572:
KNOW all Men by ihefe Prefents, Tha
Page 573 and 574:
It is necefarj the following Partic
Page 575 and 576:
.!$ • 4,tJOy C4a14 — -- - T II
Page 577 and 578:
7 Appendix 61 Certificate of settle
Page 579 and 580:
Appendix 61(11 Letter from Sir Char
Page 581 and 582:
ppendix 6m Petition for the admissi
Page 583 and 584:
To the Right Worj7ipful the PR E S
Page 585 and 586:
Appendix 6p Petition for the admiss
Page 587 and 588:
6) Public Records Office:- PRO Kew
Page 589 and 590:
John Gilbert, A Sermon Preached bef
Page 591 and 592:
Thomas Arnold, Observations on the
Page 593 and 594:
Thomas Dekker and John Webster, Wes
Page 595 and 596:
the Real Art of Physick it self: an
Page 597 and 598:
______ Things Plain and Weighty, Re
Page 599 and 600:
James Yonge, The Journal of James Y
Page 601 and 602:
Michael V. Deporte, Nightmares and
Page 603 and 604:
W. L. Jones, Ministering to Minds D
Page 605 and 606:
______ Was there a moral therapy in
Page 607 and 608:
E. G. Thomas, 'The old poor law and
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