1923%20Memoir%20on%20Maps%20of%20Chinese%20Turkistan%20by%20Stein%20s

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S NO'I'ES ON INDI\'IDU.\L AIAP SIIEISTS [Chap. IV (.I. I ) to the south of Lo-t'o-cl~i~~g (1). 3), nl1pe:ws to corrcsl~o~~il in position nntl con- 1igur:tlion to the lirst four rirnges of the I'ei-slrnn, d~scri1)ril 111ap1)ed 1)). Proft~ssor l.'r~ttrrrr or1 his route fronr \vest. of 3Iiugslrui to tlie Su-10-110 ])end. -" J~tst as is the c:lse on t.llis far more \\-esterl!. rot~t~, tlle S'COII~ a11d tl~ird of t,he r:lui,'es, eei~ro~~ritered by 11s 11ort 11 of (lamps "I:! and 209 reaj~eetively (U. 2, C. 3), showed lhc Irigl~est 1:aas-levels, b11t \vitlroot arrv ~tril;ingly great elevntioils aboveeither pass. 'q TYl~ereas, ho\vever, on l'rof. 12utterer's routeline the \vide ralleys or plateans sepa~ating the ranges all seem to tlescend gently \vestnfnrd, those crossed by ollr ror~te invariably al~l'eared to have their drainage to the east or north-east, i.~,., in the direction of the Etsin-go1 valley and basin. The chain of lor hills shotrn on our map extending n0rt.h of the Su-10-110 bend and the Hun-lrai-t,zu depression, and an easterly coiltinuat,ion crossed by our routes from Mao-mei (Sheet No. 42. l3, C. 3), evidently represent the fifth and soothern~nost Pei-shan range. The zone in tlle southern part of tlle sheet shows several geographically interesting features. In the west we have the head of the lower Su-lo-ho valley, below the river's debouchnre from the mountains. Further down (A. 4) its bed is hemmed in by a well-marked defile between the bold \17ang-shan-tzu ridge, representing the eastern extremity of the outermost Nan-sban chain on the south, and a flat, spur of the ~outhernmost Pei-shan range on the north. Into the basin-like head of the lower Sulo-ho valley thus formed, there slopes down the almost imperceptible watershed, dividing it from the plateau between the two outer hill chains of the Nan-shan, which contalns the small oases of T'a-shih and Ch'iao-tzu (A. 5). The latter derives its irrigation from spriugs, 9 See above p. 95, note 26. 6ee Fritterer, Lac. cit., p. 17. The highest po~ut of Pntterer's route, reached ou the pass ot his third range was 2,130 metres or 6,988 feet. This correrponds almost exactly to the elevation of our pass, 7,010 feet, acroas the Ma-tann-ahan (C. 3), the third range fron~ the north. a9 Cf. Serindia, iii. pp. 1100 sqq. " See above pp. 32. 60. Prof. Fntterer's above quoted paper, Oeo.qra)~h. Skizze der Wiisfe Qobi, p. 24, mentions that the Chinese ' Wn-chang Map ', dating from the 17th century, shows a long-stretched lake or mareh bed Lo the north of the Gu-lo-ho bmd, extend- and the exist,rnce of a large ruined site above tl~cse, at the foot of a gr:~vcl glncis sloping dow11 from the or~ter NILII-SIIXII range to the soatl~, I~ere offers clear e\.itlcnce of desiccation within historical timrs. ?" IVllether this outer m~~ge, tlre secontl from the north, II:IS a traceable continuation eastn,nrd on the wide gravel plaris sloping I I tomards ~ the SII-lo-110 debo~~churr reniaios do~~btfol. 'l'lre oasis of l'ii-m6n-hs~en (C. 5) derives its narlle from tlre ancient. ' Jade Gate ' (I'I~-IIIPI/) of the Li,//cs, originallv situated in Wan times far to t,l~e west of Tun-haang ( No. 36. n. 4 ). Its cultivation stretches down to the ~leighbourhood of a practically level flat of scrubby, and in parts boggy, ground dividing the Su-lo-ho valley from the Hun-hai-tzu depression eastmards. This peculiar feature accounts for the curious bifurcation previously mentioned by which the Su-lo-110, partly throng11 irrigat,ion channels and partly t.hrol~,oh inundation in the season of floods, feeds a stream flowing past the hamlets of Shih-drh-tun and Sliihtun into the Hua-hai-tz11 basin. 30 This last named basin (D. 5) is a drainageless area, bordered in the north by the foot of the outermost l'ei-shan range and in the sooth by a rugged hill-chain which trends to the south-east and attains its greatest height near Chia-gii-kuan west of Su-chou ( No. 43 A. 1 ). The relation of this hill-chain to the Ala-shan mountain system, of which it appears like an extreme western continuation, must remain for the jwesent doubtful. Apart from the stream below Yii-m&n-hsien there drain int,o the Iiua-hai-tzu basin the rivers of Ch'ili-chin and Po-yang-ho, coming from the Nan-shan and cutting through the hill chain just named in deep gorges. The subsoil drainage from the former gathers in springs below its alluvial fan and supplies irrigation to the ing also for a co~~siderable distance to the east. This extensive lake bas continued to he 8hou.n in modern maps, though its existence was rightly denied by Hnssiao tr;~vcllers. The question an to how far the Chinese carto- graphic representation can be accounted for by the boggy ground below Yii-men-hsien plus the basin of Hoa-hai-tsu most be left for examination elsewhere. The line followed by the remains of the ancient Limes, which I traced both to the east and north-west of Bhih-drh-tan, makes the existence here of an exten- live lnke during or since Han times highly improh- able.
Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIISET No. 40 99 s~nall oasis of Illla-hai-teu or l'ing-1)'an in at ('amlj IRC,. the centre of thc basin. C. 6. For .Y/,ilr-Prh-l'rt~r r~ncl o9hih-BrA- Co~rerliotrs. A. 5. Add name N'axrfo- A.vin in red against s~mbols of c:tve temples Inn. A.rBro~~owi~~a//y obnr,rr.c~l latil~~dm. 1906-08. Cll'iao-tzu,
Page 1:
y-
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Ornnia tem1111s edar depascit~~r, o
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COLONEL SIR SIDNEY BURRARD, R, E. K
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To Colotlel Sir G~1ta1.o I ~~N~x-CO
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LIST OF ABBREVIATED TITLES CLERIIEN
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LIST OF ~'JJATES NoTE.-T~I~ ortler
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LIST OY MAPS AND CHARTS INDEX MAP,
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INTRODUCTORY If this fact is consid
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4 HISTOltY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I dust
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6 HISTORY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I The h
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8 HISTORY OF SL'RVEYS [Chap. I Irka
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10 lIISTORY OF SIJKVEYS [Chap. t pt
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12 HISTORY OF SUltVEYS [Chap. I of
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7 4 HISTORY OE1 SURVEYS [Chap. I Ha
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18 HISTORY OF SITItVEYS [Chap. I Ex
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18 HISTORY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I the
Page 36 and 37:
So HISTORY OF Slrll\'ETS [Chap. I n
Page 38 and 39:
22 HISTORY 01: Sl'lt\.b;l'S [Chap.
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91 IIISTOltY Ol? SU11,YKYS [Chap. I
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26 HISTORY OF SUII\'EYS [Chap. I Oc
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28 IIISTORY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I oIl
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HISTO11.I' 01: SI'R\'I~:TS [Chap. 1
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32 I-IISTOBY OP SURIrl:YS [Chap. I
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34 lIISTORY 012 SURVEYS [Chap. I jo
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36 HISTORY 01' S~IRV ISYS [Chap. I
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38 IL1s'I'O11Y 01' SIIKVEYS [Chap.
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40 IIISTOHY 01' Slill\'lCYS [Chap.
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Sec. ii.] THE TAKLAMAKAN DESERT 43
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Sec. iii.1 'I'IIIS OASISS Oh' 'rII1
Page 63 and 64: Sec. iv.] TI11C LOP DEPRESSION AND
Page 65 and 66: Sec. iv.] THE LOP DEPlCESSION AND T
Page 67 and 68: Sec. vi.] FROM (:EN'PItAI, NAN-SHAN
Page 69 and 70: ~ec, vi.] THE PRI-RHAN AND EASTERNM
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 111 THE MAPS SELTION I.-COM
Page 73 and 74: Sec. i] COMPILATION OF MAPS 67 It n
Page 75 and 76: Sec. ii.] REL'RESENTATION OY PHY SI
Page 77 and 78: 8ec. iii.] SYMBOLS AND LOCAL NAMES
Page 79 and 80: NOTES ON INDIVIDUAI, MAP SHEETS NOT
Page 81 and 82: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 2 6 5
Page 83 and 84: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 4 67 o
Page 85 and 86: Chap. IV] NOTKS ON SIIEET No. 7 ti9
Page 87 and 88: Chap. IVJ NOl'lSS ON SIIEET No. 9 7
Page 89 and 90: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIEET No. 12 7
Page 91 and 92: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SllXE'r XI). 1 b
Page 93 and 94: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIEET No. 1X 77
Page 95 and 96: Chap. IVj NOTES ON SIIEETS No. 20 7
Page 97 and 98: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 23 81
Page 99 and 100: Chap. IV1 NOTES ON SHEET No. 26 83
Page 101 and 102: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIEET No. 28 10
Page 105 and 106: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET NO. 32 $9
Page 107 and 108: Chap. IV ] NOTES ON SlIElYl' No. H-
Page 111 and 112: Chap. IV] NOTI1:S ON SI-IEET No. 38
Page 113: Chap. IV] NOTISS ON SHEET No. 30 97
Page 117 and 118: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEETS No. 42 10
Page 119 and 120: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEIST Nos. 1.4.
Page 123 and 124: 306 APPENDIX A The acci~m~~lation o
Page 125 and 126: corrcet for Intitudr, is sonle 30 a
Page 127 and 128: it \\.:is ~~IIIIIC! l)uri~l~ tthc r
Page 129 and 130: hood of korla, n-lrere tlre discrep
Page 131 and 132: 116 APPENDIX A Intersected Points i
Page 133 and 134: - -- Stations in Sheet 42.K-(conlii
Page 135 and 136: Stations in Sheet 42.M ASTRONOMICAL
Page 137 and 138: Sbvrl( S-). / IntcrserIt3tl Interse
Page 139 and 140: silcet / series Stations in Sheet 4
Page 141 and 142: Al'l'lCN 1)IS -4 Stations in Sheet
Page 143 and 144: Sheet No. Intenected i I A I'l'RN 1
Page 145 and 146: 1 SO AI'I'ISNDI S ../ Intersected P
Page 147 and 148: Intersected Points in Sheet Gl.L-(c
Page 149 and 150: I ~11ert.J NO. I Intersected Points
Page 151 and 152: Intersected Points in Sheet 61.E-(c
Page 153 and 154: IYE hPPENDIS A Stations in Sheet 69
Page 155 and 156: Stations in Sheet 69.J EXPLORATION
Page 157 and 158: . - ~ ~ ~ 1 lntersected Points in S
Page 159 and 160: Intersected Points in International
Page 161 and 162: Intersected Points in International
Page 163 and 164: - Stations in International Sheet N
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160 APPENDIX A Stations in Internat
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1 L:! APPENDIX B METHODS OF REDUC'P
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APPENDIX I) METHOD OF REDUCTION, 19
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Aimak, vill., 12. A. 2. Ailnoduni,
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158 INDISS 01" LOCAL NAhlES Arlmlik
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lh17511. vi1l:tgt) t1:1rt, !I. 1).
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162 lX HISS OY LOC'IL N.\,\IlfS Cl~
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: _ , ' P - p P . LO r.: PO I" ? yv
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166 INDEX OF LOCAL NAMES Ghkei-Haji
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1G8 INDEX OF LOCAL NAMES Ibrnlli~~~
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170 INDEX OF LO( 2AL NAMES Ralta-ja
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172 INDEX 06 Ka~alik, habit,., 11.
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171 lNDES OF LOCAL NAhIES Kic-lrili
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liiiI-:~gl~ri, vill., 5. C'. I. lii
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178 INDEX OLl, Vlll., 5. C'. L. Kt~
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180 INDEX OP LOCAL NAUICS Lung-waug
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Ott~~~-~rcJel~a-t~~~lak, aI)rinf, :
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Sing (of I
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Sl16r-cliakniil, lor., 13. B. 4. S1
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190 lNDEX OF LOCAL Ni\?tlISS Tatlik
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192 INDEX OF LOC.iL N:\AIISS :: Tol
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I'sl~ok-birhi. tmct, G. C'. 9. lrsl
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Yinjike-chap, valley, 19. C. 3. Yir
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GJ~NEILBTJ INDXX So~r.-O\vir~g 118
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Kski, astrono~~~. Iaii1.11~Ie of, t
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Ktra-c+l~o~~, :~~~cic!nt Ilarrlcs i
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Tisll-bul:ik, o;isis, :$.I.. 33, !1
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;11)llEND-i ET CORRIGENDA P.' .45,
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1 I.~.-l'~~(~'l'-l-III.IAS OF HICHT
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I b .. I. - f: I , '11 7 [It )l"-F:
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23. 1 '.- I;L.\('IEH-1'ROITSI:l) K.
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1923%20Memoir%20on%20Maps%20of%20Chinese%20Turkistan%20by%20Stein%20s

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