1923%20Memoir%20on%20Maps%20of%20Chinese%20Turkistan%20by%20Stein%20s

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42 THE R.RG IONS SUIi.VISY El) [Chap. II For the western and higher portion of this morlnti~in rampart which rises to peaks of over 23,000 feet,, t.he Sheets Nos. 6, 9,10, 14, 15 afford anil)le cartographical materials. TO the east of the Keriya river the chart~cter of tlie chain overlooking the 'l'ziritn basin does not change; but its \vitlt,ll is reduced and the elevated Tibetan plateans approach it closer from the south. TllrougIlo~~t the \vllole length of the cllain tlie foot of its northern slopes is formed by a glwis of piedmont ~l.:r\.cl, attaining in ~rart,s a \vidth of 40 miles and more, and everywhere utterly sterile. On t.lte iloi.th the basin of tlie 'l'arini is enclosrd by the greatp TT'iet~-sllan chain. 111 the wrst, it. ~nrrts t,l~c rneridio~lal range above metltioned near the Alai and tile 'l..,sn-.l~sn I.:~:P. Ileatl\v:~ters:of t,l~e Kisllgar river. Thence it stretches away unbroken to its nort,I~-msternmost. corner near Korla \vhcre the Konclic-claryfi, fed by the Baghmsli lake, enters the I)l:~itls (Sl1eet.s No. 24., 25). Nort,lr of Ak-su, tlie T'ien-shan attains its c~llminating point, in the .great peak of Ten~ri-lihtin (Sheet No. I1 j. Tllence a branch of the main chain, gmclually tliminishing in lieiglit, forms the enclosing of tile basin. To the \vest of ilk-su a series of ootlyinX lower ranges intervenes betnreen the main chain and the pinills (Sllerts YO. 4, 5, 7). While our surveys sllo\v this orti ti on of tlre ~lortllerit riln ill sotr~e tlctail, east of Ak-sit they were confined mainly to the soutllern slopes of the range immediately overlooking the basin (Sheets No. 16, 17, 20, 21). Neverthelebs they snttic,e to bring out celtain rlralacteristie differences between this northern mountain border and the K'un-Ian. Amonq tltem I may mention the mucll stnallrr width, or complete absence, of tlie gravel glacis at the foot of the T1ien-sl~an, and the less arid character of tlie main iange as ilcmonsttated by the presence of conifer forest, in a number of \alleys on its southern slopes. I Both these facts bear eviclencc to the influence assert,ed by the far moister climatic conditions which prevail north of the T'ien-shau. Beyond Korla tShe desert ill~lands of tlie Kuruli-tagli, tlie 'Dry illo~rntains', take the place of tlie T'ien-sllan as tlie border of tlie Tarirn basin both to the 1)escrt ranzes of 1i"l ,,k-lC;I,. north ant1 north-east. The character of this barren succession of much- decayed parallel ranges with wide gravel-filled valle!~ and drainageless basins between them, is adequately illustrated by tlie surveys embodicd in Slieets No. 25, 28, E9, 32. What scanty moisture cver reaches the southern slopes of the Kurok-tsgh and escapes evaporation on its wide gravel glacis, descends in wide flood-beds to the Konche-darya and its ancient continuatiou east\vards, tlie Kuruli-daryi or 'Dry River', which once carried its waters to the Lou-Ian area. The aridity of the ~uruk-tigh steadily increases eastwards until st about longitude 91' even the rare salt springs, which rendered its exploration possible, are no longer encountered. SECTION 11.-THE TAKLAMAKAN DESERT. Within the Tarim basin enclosed by the mountain barriers briefly described above, we may conveniently distingrlish four main regions. By far the 'enha' cf draft-sand. largest, and perhaps the best defined, comprises the huge central area of bare drift-sand desert, popularly known as the Taklamakin. Its borders to the west, north, and east are roughly determined by the belts of vegetation accompanying the Tiznaf, the Yirkand and the l'irim rivers, the last being the name generally given to the Ysrkand-daryi after receiving the rivers of Kishgar, Ak-su and Khotan. The dune-covered area has olitliers beyond these rirerine borders in a number of *places. But only two of these, both at the extreme ends of tlie central area, are sufficiently large to deserve here special mention. In the west we have the moving sands of Ordamp%dshih stretching from the vicinity of Yangi-hiss~r to the left bank of the Yarkand river Recaheet No. 12.B.C. I; 16. B.4; 20. A, R.I.
Sec. ii.] THE TAKLAMAKAN DESERT 43 (Shect No. 5 ). In tho east a zone of high and utterly barren fiand-ridges sjlreatla beyorld the Tirim, filling a big triangular space between the foot of the Kurilk-tsgh and the belt of wind-eroded desert along the western shorew of the ancicmt salt-encrustrtl I,oj, sea 11ed ( Sllectts No. 25, 29, 3U). In the sooth, the border of the Taltlarnakin licts along the northern ends of the oases, rrrostly small, which line at intervals ttie foot of the K'un-lun glacis Ho#rtl~uni bortl
Page 1:
y-
Page 4 and 5:
Ornnia tem1111s edar depascit~~r, o
Page 6 and 7: COLONEL SIR SIDNEY BURRARD, R, E. K
Page 8 and 9: To Colotlel Sir G~1ta1.o I ~~N~x-CO
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF ABBREVIATED TITLES CLERIIEN
Page 12: LIST OF ~'JJATES NoTE.-T~I~ ortler
Page 15: LIST OY MAPS AND CHARTS INDEX MAP,
Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTORY If this fact is consid
Page 20 and 21: 4 HISTOltY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I dust
Page 22 and 23: 6 HISTORY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I The h
Page 24 and 25: 8 HISTORY OF SL'RVEYS [Chap. I Irka
Page 26 and 27: 10 lIISTORY OF SIJKVEYS [Chap. t pt
Page 28 and 29: 12 HISTORY OF SUltVEYS [Chap. I of
Page 30 and 31: 7 4 HISTORY OE1 SURVEYS [Chap. I Ha
Page 32 and 33: 18 HISTORY OF SITItVEYS [Chap. I Ex
Page 34 and 35: 18 HISTORY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I the
Page 36 and 37: So HISTORY OF Slrll\'ETS [Chap. I n
Page 38 and 39: 22 HISTORY 01: Sl'lt\.b;l'S [Chap.
Page 40 and 41: 91 IIISTOltY Ol? SU11,YKYS [Chap. I
Page 42 and 43: 26 HISTORY OF SUII\'EYS [Chap. I Oc
Page 44 and 45: 28 IIISTORY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I oIl
Page 46 and 47: HISTO11.I' 01: SI'R\'I~:TS [Chap. 1
Page 48 and 49: 32 I-IISTOBY OP SURIrl:YS [Chap. I
Page 50 and 51: 34 lIISTORY 012 SURVEYS [Chap. I jo
Page 52 and 53: 36 HISTORY 01' S~IRV ISYS [Chap. I
Page 54 and 55: 38 IL1s'I'O11Y 01' SIIKVEYS [Chap.
Page 56: 40 IIISTOHY 01' Slill\'lCYS [Chap.
Page 61 and 62: Sec. iii.1 'I'IIIS OASISS Oh' 'rII1
Page 63 and 64: Sec. iv.] TI11C LOP DEPRESSION AND
Page 65 and 66: Sec. iv.] THE LOP DEPlCESSION AND T
Page 67 and 68: Sec. vi.] FROM (:EN'PItAI, NAN-SHAN
Page 69 and 70: ~ec, vi.] THE PRI-RHAN AND EASTERNM
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 111 THE MAPS SELTION I.-COM
Page 73 and 74: Sec. i] COMPILATION OF MAPS 67 It n
Page 75 and 76: Sec. ii.] REL'RESENTATION OY PHY SI
Page 77 and 78: 8ec. iii.] SYMBOLS AND LOCAL NAMES
Page 79 and 80: NOTES ON INDIVIDUAI, MAP SHEETS NOT
Page 81 and 82: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 2 6 5
Page 83 and 84: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 4 67 o
Page 85 and 86: Chap. IV] NOTKS ON SIIEET No. 7 ti9
Page 87 and 88: Chap. IVJ NOl'lSS ON SIIEET No. 9 7
Page 89 and 90: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIEET No. 12 7
Page 91 and 92: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SllXE'r XI). 1 b
Page 93 and 94: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIEET No. 1X 77
Page 95 and 96: Chap. IVj NOTES ON SIIEETS No. 20 7
Page 97 and 98: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 23 81
Page 99 and 100: Chap. IV1 NOTES ON SHEET No. 26 83
Page 101 and 102: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIEET No. 28 10
Page 103 and 104: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 30 87
Page 105 and 106: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET NO. 32 $9
Page 107 and 108:
Chap. IV ] NOTES ON SlIElYl' No. H-
Page 109 and 110:
Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 35 93
Page 111 and 112:
Chap. IV] NOTI1:S ON SI-IEET No. 38
Page 113 and 114:
Chap. IV] NOTISS ON SHEET No. 30 97
Page 115 and 116:
Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIISET No. 40 9
Page 117 and 118:
Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEETS No. 42 10
Page 119 and 120:
Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEIST Nos. 1.4.
Page 121 and 122:
Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 46 105
Page 123 and 124:
306 APPENDIX A The acci~m~~lation o
Page 125 and 126:
corrcet for Intitudr, is sonle 30 a
Page 127 and 128:
it \\.:is ~~IIIIIC! l)uri~l~ tthc r
Page 129 and 130:
hood of korla, n-lrere tlre discrep
Page 131 and 132:
116 APPENDIX A Intersected Points i
Page 133 and 134:
- -- Stations in Sheet 42.K-(conlii
Page 135 and 136:
Stations in Sheet 42.M ASTRONOMICAL
Page 137 and 138:
Sbvrl( S-). / IntcrserIt3tl Interse
Page 139 and 140:
silcet / series Stations in Sheet 4
Page 141 and 142:
Al'l'lCN 1)IS -4 Stations in Sheet
Page 143 and 144:
Sheet No. Intenected i I A I'l'RN 1
Page 145 and 146:
1 SO AI'I'ISNDI S ../ Intersected P
Page 147 and 148:
Intersected Points in Sheet Gl.L-(c
Page 149 and 150:
I ~11ert.J NO. I Intersected Points
Page 151 and 152:
Intersected Points in Sheet 61.E-(c
Page 153 and 154:
IYE hPPENDIS A Stations in Sheet 69
Page 155 and 156:
Stations in Sheet 69.J EXPLORATION
Page 157 and 158:
. - ~ ~ ~ 1 lntersected Points in S
Page 159 and 160:
Intersected Points in International
Page 161 and 162:
Intersected Points in International
Page 163 and 164:
- Stations in International Sheet N
Page 165 and 166:
160 APPENDIX A Stations in Internat
Page 167 and 168:
1 L:! APPENDIX B METHODS OF REDUC'P
Page 169 and 170:
APPENDIX I) METHOD OF REDUCTION, 19
Page 171 and 172:
Aimak, vill., 12. A. 2. Ailnoduni,
Page 173 and 174:
158 INDISS 01" LOCAL NAhlES Arlmlik
Page 175 and 176:
lh17511. vi1l:tgt) t1:1rt, !I. 1).
Page 177 and 178:
162 lX HISS OY LOC'IL N.\,\IlfS Cl~
Page 179 and 180:
: _ , ' P - p P . LO r.: PO I" ? yv
Page 181 and 182:
166 INDEX OF LOCAL NAMES Ghkei-Haji
Page 183 and 184:
1G8 INDEX OF LOCAL NAMES Ibrnlli~~~
Page 185 and 186:
170 INDEX OF LO( 2AL NAMES Ralta-ja
Page 187 and 188:
172 INDEX 06 Ka~alik, habit,., 11.
Page 189 and 190:
171 lNDES OF LOCAL NAhIES Kic-lrili
Page 191 and 192:
liiiI-:~gl~ri, vill., 5. C'. I. lii
Page 193 and 194:
178 INDEX OLl, Vlll., 5. C'. L. Kt~
Page 195:
180 INDEX OP LOCAL NAUICS Lung-waug
Page 198 and 199:
Ott~~~-~rcJel~a-t~~~lak, aI)rinf, :
Page 200 and 201:
Sing (of I
Page 202 and 203:
Sl16r-cliakniil, lor., 13. B. 4. S1
Page 205 and 206:
190 lNDEX OF LOCAL Ni\?tlISS Tatlik
Page 207 and 208:
192 INDEX OF LOC.iL N:\AIISS :: Tol
Page 209 and 210:
I'sl~ok-birhi. tmct, G. C'. 9. lrsl
Page 212 and 213:
Yinjike-chap, valley, 19. C. 3. Yir
Page 214 and 215:
GJ~NEILBTJ INDXX So~r.-O\vir~g 118
Page 216 and 217:
Kski, astrono~~~. Iaii1.11~Ie of, t
Page 218 and 219:
Ktra-c+l~o~~, :~~~cic!nt Ilarrlcs i
Page 221 and 222:
Tisll-bul:ik, o;isis, :$.I.. 33, !1
Page 223:
;11)llEND-i ET CORRIGENDA P.' .45,
Page 236 and 237:
1 I.~.-l'~~(~'l'-l-III.IAS OF HICHT
Page 238 and 239:
I b .. I. - f: I , '11 7 [It )l"-F:
Page 245:
23. 1 '.- I;L.\('IEH-1'ROITSI:l) K.
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1923%20Memoir%20on%20Maps%20of%20Chinese%20Turkistan%20by%20Stein%20s

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