1923%20Memoir%20on%20Maps%20of%20Chinese%20Turkistan%20by%20Stein%20s

66 THE MAPS [Chap. Ill
scarrely nassary to point ont that the use of t~l~ese disteioct.ions rnn serrr only for approximate
guidance.
Here I nlay couvt.nit~nt~Iy nit~ntion that for cl~~nsi-technic:~l reasons, names, usnally ending
it1 -ji/!,u( Torki ), intliscri~~~it~att~ly applied Loth to st,rc;~nrs and the
in'rteril'c 'lf tcl'll'on'Q
rrntt3r-for~ns.
v:111eYs rontaiuing tl~cm, 11:~ve al\v:~ys l1et.n Iwinted in blue \vithont reprd
to \vl~etl~er the strt~an~s gr~lerally carry water or not,. I'or t,he
saIll~ ~:1~,1112; tl~t' I(~tteri~rg oS:111 te~nllol.:~ry \v~ter-fornrs, >11t*Ir :IS Ilootl-llcfitls, sc~asonal ~rr;~rshes,
etc., Ilas 1)ec.n rho\\-n in I~lut..
\1:1rsIry i~r~:~s, I)cinX srtl~je~vt. to consitlc~~ll)le st~:~bo~ral t.l1:11rges in arid rc!gio~rs, SIIC~
:IS those rcl)rc.srntetl Oy most of 111(: m:tlla, ilrtro(!nce a, sl~ec.i:~l elenlo11 of
Iic~"'""t:ttloll ['I ~r~l(~c~rt:~lnty into cartogr:~j)1rit'nl rel)rrzc~ntatio~~. 1 llavc trictl to restrict
IIHKS~I~,~.
1111, usc of nlarsh synlbols itr t1111(t to gro~~r~cl \vlrieh is lilicly 1.0 be covered
,\.itll \vater for tile gri':itrr 11o1.tio11 of tl~c ycnr. Ilut it sI~o~rltl be re~~rc~~lberetl t,llat wirere
dPaillage beds, ortlinnri!>- tiry, lern~inatr in arras sho\vn as salrtly tracts wit.ll living' desert
vegekltion ( reeels or scrr~b), ~ste~taive ~~o~.tionx of tlre grountl art. libely to b~, foand 11o~~y
dorilla tile seas(>n of xl~ring Ilootls frvn~ the nrelting sno~vs of tlrt. nro~rnt:~ins.
S:llt-encrnsted arcas, ~narking :.dried-111) I:~lie-brtls ant1 nrar~hrs or gro~~nd subject to
inu~rdation or 1)ercolntion st intcrv:~ls follo~ved by rvaporation, form
~ ~ l t . ~ ~ ~ ~ vrq ~ , i~~lj)orta~~t
, ~ ~ ~ featnres d of the surface in the lower 1)ortions of t.lre TArirn
basin and of t.he adjoining tlraina~elrss regions. They date fro111 tlifferent
per~ods and present considerable geograljhical or geolog;cal interest. I havc accordingly
tl~ought it dcs~rable in the coal.se of our later hurveys to dtst~npuibl~ areas sho\v~ng tnarked
differences in the salt formation covering their snrface.
r lllree 1 varieties of ne\v sy~nl~ols have bceu ~~rtrotlucecl for tl~ib purpose, a11 clrrived from
tire ronvcntional symbol in use {'or n-atrr of lalics and niarslres, Lut all
\'~~.iatit,s of salt shon-n in black. 'I'lrin lines wit11 Irooli-lil;c.ends tr1r11c.d nl~\vards on the
rymhols.
ri~llt. intlicate a crust of 11ar.d salt, practically lrnre, crun~l~lcd up into
]lumnioc.l;s or sulall ridqer, s11c11 as ro\-ers the greater l!ortio~r of the :lncieut 1,olt sea bed.
The crnat of salt-permeated ciay, usually formed into big lutnl~s yr~ite as Ilard as 'he first
variety, and ~~sually found ucar tlre eelges of :rorrnd receiving solire \v:ltc~. 11as been sho\rn
bv slmilnr lines n~ith l~oolts turned do\\w\vards on the left. Finally, ground npllcre a soft crust
of salt oi varying depth covers t::e undcrlyi~rg soil is indicatrd by Iirles wit11 tlowntvarcl lrooks
on the rigllt,. "rdinary salt, efflorescerrce ( I;no\vn as in Indin 11y tire term slliv) is ~~rescr~tto a
greater or icss extent. :~lmost ever~\vhrre in the 1';irim hnsin \vilere sul)soil dminage colnes to
t.he surface or teml)orarily iuuntlated areas are near; it h:is 11ence not becn sl)ecially ~narl;e(l.
Among otlrer permanent surface fcaturcs drift-sand is the most iml,ortant in the
regions represelrtc!d b! tl~c nrajorily of the nrap sheets; for it covers
Rcpre~eolntion