1923%20Memoir%20on%20Maps%20of%20Chinese%20Turkistan%20by%20Stein%20s

64 NOTES ON INDIVIDUAL MAP SHEISTS [Chap. IV
General, was i5' 59' 5'"G-l..
Lake Little Kara-kul, on the scale of 4 milee
As regards the positions accepted for to 1 inch, prepared by tl~e late Lient. F. B.
Yirkand, Yangi-hissir and Tis11-kurghBn, Tillard R.E. and published in 1903.
the starting and terminal points of the The same panoramas, reproduced in
routes represented in the soutli-eastern por- Plates VIII and IX of my Mountnirt Patroramas
tiou of the sheet, refe~vnce niay be made .from the Ktcter-lun ofid Pnwirs (1907), have
to the notes on sheets Nos. 3 and 5. Toile- since proved specially usefnl also by confirmbnlung
(D.4) where these several routes cross ing the greater height of Kongur-debe I peak
earli ot,ller, served as a convenient point for (25,146) over Muz-ttigh-at% (24,388 feet), la
tl~eir adjustment, the latitude for tl~is place previonslp accepted as the culminat.ing point
being derived from an astronomical observ- of the whole range, and by afford~ng direct
ation of 1906 and the longitude by iuterpo- evidence as to tlie approximate level of tlie
lation between Ktishgar-Tisli-k~~rghin and snow-liue. For this an elevation of about
Tangi-l~issir-Tis11-kurgllcn.
17,000 feet. has been accepted on that part of
In the northern half of the sheet use tl~e r:inge wl~icl~ lius soutl~ of tlre Gez defile,
was made of tlie valtres assigned to the ~vhile the observat~ons made on my crossing
Kosli-bGl pass (A.2), lat. 30" 11' 15" and of tllc Uligli-art-dawtin in July, 19 15, indilong
74' 1' 7", by Russian surveys. TIle cated a somewhat lower level of perpetnal
posit,ion deterniined for i)l~al-b~z~r (C.2) by snow. circ. 16,000 feet, on the northern cona
latitude obser\~ation of t.lle Forsyth Jlission tinuation of the range.
and by tthc longituile derived from interpo-
r l lhe area represented in this sheet
lation on our routes Lettvevt~ Tish-malik and may be divided into three regions dis-
KBsligar \\.as :11so osul. P'or the ronte mhicli tinguished by \\ell-defined physical featnres.
H. S. LiI Siilgli in 1915 follo\ved from Tlie high platean-like valleys to the west of
opal to tlre Irratl\vaters of t,lic Tiizil-daryi the great ~neridional range, which extend
(A-C.2) anil thence bark to opal :rc.ross the from above Ta=harlna in the soutlr to the
Uligh-art-dawtin (B.5), a very helpful check \vide rolling downs above AIGji, share all
was afforded by the fact that the position of the chief characteristics of the Pirnirs.
this pass could be fixed by direct observation Grazing of t11e scanty lrind usnal on these
of several triaugolated points.
uplands is to be found almost everynrliere
TIle routes leadiug north of Kishgar at the botton~s of the open valleys. In the
(D.l) have been adjusted to tlie co-ordinatrs valleys to the east of the range, as far as and
sIio\vn for the Turug-art pass (Slieet 1.C.3) including theGez-clara,vegetation is distinctly
by the latest Russian surveys, the latitude more limited, and this barrenness increases
observations of Captain Trotter being also in a very striking manner as the traveller
used for the deterlnination of certain ~nter- descends through the outer ranges to tlie
mediate points. In addition to the above, much-eroded and 11tter1y bare foot-llills.
astronomically determined latitudes mere Nnrth of the Ciez defile, the approach to
obhined in 1900 and 1906 for a nu~nber of the n~oister clinlate of the ll'ieu-slran makes
places, as shown in the list below.
itself felt by 3, somewhat larger amount of
For the interesting mountain area which grazing in the valleys and by the conifer
comprises the hluz-tagli-at% massif and the growth to be found at their heads over fairly
great gIacier-clad range north of it, culmi- large patches of gronnd (see Bostin-terek,
nating in the Kongur-debe peak, 25,146 feet, B. 2; Bostiln-arclie, C. 3). In the irrigated
as well as for the Pimir-like ground south areas belom the debouchor~es of the Karaand
north of the Little Kara-knl lake (B. 4., tlsh, Yan~iin-yir and Kizil rivers, the
C. 3,1.), very useful additional material mas character of the ground corresponds in all
furnislred by the photographic panoramas essentials to that of t,lre other oases of the
taken by me in July, 1900, with a Bridges- Tkrini basin situated between tl~e glacis of
Lee photo-theodolite. This material nras the mountains and the great drift-sand belts.
worked up in the Map of Muz-liyh-ali and I'or a fairly detailed description of. the
1' It is of intoreat t~ note lltut tlie I~eigl~t ss
gmpl~ieally determ~ned by Mujor R. 0. Wl~eslei,,
M. C., B. E., for Kongur.dche 1 ponk, 25,116 it., front
the Pzinorsmn t~~ken nt KBTH-~III, Ctimp9 (C.4), differs
only hg 90 feikt fro~n 1110 elevnti~i~ deduced from
R&ti 911igli's tr~ongulntion.