1923%20Memoir%20on%20Maps%20of%20Chinese%20Turkistan%20by%20Stein%20s

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101 KO'PES ON INDIVIDUAL 11 AP SiiISlSTS [Chap. IV await tlteir explorer. r lhe 1 plateru st.rt-tching along the northern foot of this range gradnaI1~. widens sortt,h-east\vards as the spars tlescending from t,lle latter recede. The large rultivated area nro~lntl Kan-cllou (.I, 13. 3) is accoutrtetl for by the fact that the abunclant \raters of the Kan-chon river can be ut,ilized 11ere to frill advantage for irrigation owr a wide alluvial fan. The samc holds good also witli regard t,o tlre oarcs aronnd Sha-110-p'o (A'?), irrigated by the I'i-!.iian-lro. To the east of the longitude of Kancllou cultivat,ion along the foot of the Riclit- Itofen Range becomes independent of irrigation, owing to the increased precipitation \vhiell approach to the Pacific drainage assures. This important rhange of rlimatic conditions is duly reflected also in tlie estensive patclles of conifer forest n.hich the map sho\vs here ri~llt do\vn to the foot-llills (A. 3, B, C. 4.). l'urther away from the Nan-sllan, llo\vever. this influcnrc of a moister climate appears to dimirlish ral,idly, and nortlt of latitude 38O 45' no cultivat,ion seems possible n.itllout irrigation. Tl~e hill range which on tile nortll of Ean-elion were surveyed on thc second expedition. The coeil~ilation of the slleet is primarily hsel on tile positions atloptrtl for Sucllo~r (see Notcs on Sheet No. 43) nntl Kanchou. The lntit~lcle of the latter pity \vns tletcrrnin~l by closely conconlr~nt astrononlicnl ohservatious taken on tile two jol~roeys (35" 55' 4.1" and 3S0 55' 9(iU, respectively). But tile plotting of the several triiverses carried on tile third espetlitiotl bet\veen Kan-ebou ant1 points lower tlo\\~n on the Kan-choa river (No. -13. D. I, 2) has led to a cl~ange in the longitude value assigned to Kan-chou. It. is sIlo\vn no\r as 100° 3s' 20N against 100' 49' :3U" in the nlap of the second journey (see Sheet No. 94. D. 1 in Seri~ttfio, vol. v). This new value a.pprosimates very closely to the loogit~lde of Kan-chon as indicated in Sheet No. ssr of t,lle ltnssian Asiatic Transfrontier map (circ. 100' 37' 30"), but differs notably both from Mr. Clernenti's cllronometric longitude, IOUC 81' 29. lG1', and that adol,ted by the S~wvey of India in lxevioos publications, approximately I 00° 49' 30". 'These discrepancies as to tlre positiou of an important and \\,ell-kno\vn city strik- separates the inlrabited plateau froni southinqlj. -. illustrate the need of esact longitude observations Ly telegrapllic or irele less meernmost 1lonqoli:l rises in the vicinity of Kan-chou to Ileigl~ts well over 10,000 feet; tllods alona this great highroad from China yet its slopes are uniformlv harren thlouarl,into Crnttal Asia. out. The route surveyed from AIao-mei to Tlte area shown in this sheet corresponds tlre Kan-chou river near Kao-t'ai (A. I, 2) in all essential ph~-sicnl features to the three afforded str~kinq evidence of the great aridity regionr distinguished in Sheet No. 43, of of the climate prevailing in the belt of loIv n-llich this is the continuation. In the soutl~ hills and wide desert valleys which stretclles we hare the eastern portion of the (lentral north of the middle course of the Kau-cllou Nan-sllan, as far as it is drained by the river. head\vaters of the Kan-cboo river and by its The route tllr011g11 the mountains, folupper tributaries. Tlie broad valley of the lowed in 1907 from the Kan-chou river O-l~o-l~o, tlre river's eastern niain feeder headwaters to tlre city of Kan-ci~ou, is de- (U. 4, 3, C. 5), is a pe~~du?~t to the \ride up- scribed in Bescrl CatRay, ii. pp. 328 sqq. For lands met near tlie sources of the river's observations on the ltistorical topography of main western branch (No. 43. B, C. 3). the Kan-chon tract aud of tlie old Chinese But the snow-line appears to lie some- highroad passing throagh it, see S(,rinr/ia, what higher on the eastern continuation of iii. pp. .ll3l sqq. Brief preliminary notes the enclosing ranges. The difficult gorges on tlie routes follonred by me in 1Dl.b fro111 in wltich tlie Kao-chou river, below the jnnc- the Etsin-go1 basin to Kan-chou, and thence tion of both branches, has cut its \ray to t,lle eastern headwaters of the river, are through the Richthofen Range, are impass- recorded in Geograplical Jottrnal, slviii. pp. able except in the depth of winter and still ~~lrono~nicol/y obsereed lofitudes. 199 sq. 1906 08. Sha-110-p'u, Camp 227 (above left river-bank, outside eastern gate ; A. 2) ... ... . . . . . . 39' 9' 24"
Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 46 105 Ken-cl~oo, Camp 228 (temple outside S.& corner of city wall ; B. 3) ... ... ... ... 1913-15. Kan-chou, Camp 168 (temple near S.E. corner of city wall ; B. 3) 38' 55' 41" 38' 55' 86" Nan-kou-chli.lrg, Camp 171 (near temple outside N.E. corner of town wall ; B. 3) ... ... ... ... 38' 32' 18" Hung-sl~ui, Camp 172 (temple outside S.W. corner of torn wall; B. 4.) ... ... ... ... Camp 175, above left bank of 0-po-ho (R. 4) ... ... 38' 25' 24" 38" 0' 4" Hsin-ch'6ng-pao, Camp 186 (temple south of walled village; 1). 4) 38O 12. 2' NOTES ON SHEET NO. 4.7 (KUNGURCHE). The surveyed area in this sheet is re- Mongolian side prevented the surveyor from fitricted to a narrow belt of liilly grouncl extending his plane-table work further. It which was visited only by M. Muhammad has been plotted in conjunction with the tra- YakEb, whileaccompanying thecamels of my verses in Sheets Nos. 44, 46. caravan during their summer grazing-time. Judging from their general east-west The boundary between ' independent' Mon- bearing these low hill chains of Kunprche golia and Chinese territory Ixlsses through seem to belong to the southern Altai system. this ground, and objections raised on the
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y-
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Ornnia tem1111s edar depascit~~r, o
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COLONEL SIR SIDNEY BURRARD, R, E. K
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To Colotlel Sir G~1ta1.o I ~~N~x-CO
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LIST OF ABBREVIATED TITLES CLERIIEN
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LIST OF ~'JJATES NoTE.-T~I~ ortler
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LIST OY MAPS AND CHARTS INDEX MAP,
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INTRODUCTORY If this fact is consid
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4 HISTOltY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I dust
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6 HISTORY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I The h
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8 HISTORY OF SL'RVEYS [Chap. I Irka
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10 lIISTORY OF SIJKVEYS [Chap. t pt
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12 HISTORY OF SUltVEYS [Chap. I of
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7 4 HISTORY OE1 SURVEYS [Chap. I Ha
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18 HISTORY OF SITItVEYS [Chap. I Ex
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18 HISTORY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I the
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So HISTORY OF Slrll\'ETS [Chap. I n
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22 HISTORY 01: Sl'lt\.b;l'S [Chap.
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91 IIISTOltY Ol? SU11,YKYS [Chap. I
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26 HISTORY OF SUII\'EYS [Chap. I Oc
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28 IIISTORY OF SURVEYS [Chap. I oIl
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HISTO11.I' 01: SI'R\'I~:TS [Chap. 1
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32 I-IISTOBY OP SURIrl:YS [Chap. I
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34 lIISTORY 012 SURVEYS [Chap. I jo
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36 HISTORY 01' S~IRV ISYS [Chap. I
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38 IL1s'I'O11Y 01' SIIKVEYS [Chap.
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40 IIISTOHY 01' Slill\'lCYS [Chap.
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Sec. ii.] THE TAKLAMAKAN DESERT 43
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Sec. iii.1 'I'IIIS OASISS Oh' 'rII1
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Sec. iv.] TI11C LOP DEPRESSION AND
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Sec. iv.] THE LOP DEPlCESSION AND T
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Sec. vi.] FROM (:EN'PItAI, NAN-SHAN
Page 69 and 70: ~ec, vi.] THE PRI-RHAN AND EASTERNM
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 111 THE MAPS SELTION I.-COM
Page 73 and 74: Sec. i] COMPILATION OF MAPS 67 It n
Page 75 and 76: Sec. ii.] REL'RESENTATION OY PHY SI
Page 77 and 78: 8ec. iii.] SYMBOLS AND LOCAL NAMES
Page 79 and 80: NOTES ON INDIVIDUAI, MAP SHEETS NOT
Page 81 and 82: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 2 6 5
Page 83 and 84: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 4 67 o
Page 85 and 86: Chap. IV] NOTKS ON SIIEET No. 7 ti9
Page 87 and 88: Chap. IVJ NOl'lSS ON SIIEET No. 9 7
Page 89 and 90: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIEET No. 12 7
Page 91 and 92: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SllXE'r XI). 1 b
Page 93 and 94: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIEET No. 1X 77
Page 95 and 96: Chap. IVj NOTES ON SIIEETS No. 20 7
Page 97 and 98: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET No. 23 81
Page 99 and 100: Chap. IV1 NOTES ON SHEET No. 26 83
Page 101 and 102: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIEET No. 28 10
Page 105 and 106: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEET NO. 32 $9
Page 107 and 108: Chap. IV ] NOTES ON SlIElYl' No. H-
Page 111 and 112: Chap. IV] NOTI1:S ON SI-IEET No. 38
Page 113 and 114: Chap. IV] NOTISS ON SHEET No. 30 97
Page 115 and 116: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SIIISET No. 40 9
Page 117 and 118: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEETS No. 42 10
Page 119: Chap. IV] NOTES ON SHEIST Nos. 1.4.
Page 123 and 124: 306 APPENDIX A The acci~m~~lation o
Page 125 and 126: corrcet for Intitudr, is sonle 30 a
Page 127 and 128: it \\.:is ~~IIIIIC! l)uri~l~ tthc r
Page 129 and 130: hood of korla, n-lrere tlre discrep
Page 131 and 132: 116 APPENDIX A Intersected Points i
Page 133 and 134: - -- Stations in Sheet 42.K-(conlii
Page 135 and 136: Stations in Sheet 42.M ASTRONOMICAL
Page 137 and 138: Sbvrl( S-). / IntcrserIt3tl Interse
Page 139 and 140: silcet / series Stations in Sheet 4
Page 141 and 142: Al'l'lCN 1)IS -4 Stations in Sheet
Page 143 and 144: Sheet No. Intenected i I A I'l'RN 1
Page 145 and 146: 1 SO AI'I'ISNDI S ../ Intersected P
Page 147 and 148: Intersected Points in Sheet Gl.L-(c
Page 149 and 150: I ~11ert.J NO. I Intersected Points
Page 151 and 152: Intersected Points in Sheet 61.E-(c
Page 153 and 154: IYE hPPENDIS A Stations in Sheet 69
Page 155 and 156: Stations in Sheet 69.J EXPLORATION
Page 157 and 158: . - ~ ~ ~ 1 lntersected Points in S
Page 159 and 160: Intersected Points in International
Page 161 and 162: Intersected Points in International
Page 163 and 164: - Stations in International Sheet N
Page 165 and 166: 160 APPENDIX A Stations in Internat
Page 167 and 168: 1 L:! APPENDIX B METHODS OF REDUC'P
Page 169 and 170: APPENDIX I) METHOD OF REDUCTION, 19
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Aimak, vill., 12. A. 2. Ailnoduni,
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158 INDISS 01" LOCAL NAhlES Arlmlik
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lh17511. vi1l:tgt) t1:1rt, !I. 1).
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162 lX HISS OY LOC'IL N.\,\IlfS Cl~
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: _ , ' P - p P . LO r.: PO I" ? yv
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166 INDEX OF LOCAL NAMES Ghkei-Haji
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1G8 INDEX OF LOCAL NAMES Ibrnlli~~~
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170 INDEX OF LO( 2AL NAMES Ralta-ja
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172 INDEX 06 Ka~alik, habit,., 11.
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171 lNDES OF LOCAL NAhIES Kic-lrili
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liiiI-:~gl~ri, vill., 5. C'. I. lii
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178 INDEX OLl, Vlll., 5. C'. L. Kt~
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180 INDEX OP LOCAL NAUICS Lung-waug
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Ott~~~-~rcJel~a-t~~~lak, aI)rinf, :
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Sing (of I
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Sl16r-cliakniil, lor., 13. B. 4. S1
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190 lNDEX OF LOCAL Ni\?tlISS Tatlik
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192 INDEX OF LOC.iL N:\AIISS :: Tol
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I'sl~ok-birhi. tmct, G. C'. 9. lrsl
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Yinjike-chap, valley, 19. C. 3. Yir
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GJ~NEILBTJ INDXX So~r.-O\vir~g 118
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Kski, astrono~~~. Iaii1.11~Ie of, t
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Ktra-c+l~o~~, :~~~cic!nt Ilarrlcs i
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Tisll-bul:ik, o;isis, :$.I.. 33, !1
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;11)llEND-i ET CORRIGENDA P.' .45,
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1 I.~.-l'~~(~'l'-l-III.IAS OF HICHT
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I b .. I. - f: I , '11 7 [It )l"-F:
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23. 1 '.- I;L.\('IEH-1'ROITSI:l) K.
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1923%20Memoir%20on%20Maps%20of%20Chinese%20Turkistan%20by%20Stein%20s

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