Therapist's Guide to Clinical Intervention - Sigmund Freud

3. Nightmares
4. Feelings of helplessness
5. Feelings of being overwhelmed
6. Difficult emotions
C. Contact with stimuli similar in some way to the event acts as a trigger and
could be experienced by any of the five senses
1. Visual
2. Auditory
3. Tactile
4. Olfactory
5. Taste
THE EFFECTS OF TIME
There is no way to predict the amount of time it will take to recover or if events of trauma
will continue to linger in some evident manner throughout the course of an individual's
lifetime. It is expected that all significant life experiences carry with them some impact of
change. Numerous factors affect the recovery process. Therefore, outcome of such experiences
is based on the following factors:
1. Prior experiences and how they were resolved
2. How others (society/victim blaming) respond to the individual
in association with the crisis
3. Repetition or number of trauma events
4. General coping ability
5. How the individual views herself or himself
6. How the individual views his/her environment
7. Self-care
8. Resources
A. Social support
B. Professional intervention
9. Learning
10. Whether the response to the trauma was immediate or
delayed
11. Integration
12. Resolution
TRAUMATIC STRESS AND VEHICULAR ACCIDENTS
This information also applies to other experiences of trauma where there has been significant
physical harm to an individual's physical integrity.
1. Physical review: What happened to the person physically.
A. Physical trauma and near death/disfigurement
B. Multiple injuries
Traumatic Stress and Vehicular Accidents 137