The bronze age and the Celtic world - Universal History Library

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112 THE BRONZE AGE AND THE CELTIC WORLD been above the average in stature. That they were fair-haired has been taken for granted by many writers.*' It has been suggested, however, that the fact that Menelaus was called fair, signifies that he was in this respect an exception to the rule, and that the others were as dark as the majority of modern Greeks. Moreover, it has been pointed out that â.v06s may only mean brown, and that Menelaus had brown hair." The first argument certainly carries some weight, and does seem to imply that there was something exceptional in Menelaus' fair hair. But the Atreidae, according to fifth century legend, were Pelopids, and this is hinted, though not expressly stated, in the Iliad. Now other legends bring Pelops from Phrygia, though, of course, this may only signify that he was a Phrygian, who left the Briges before their departure for Asia. But the Pelopidae, in their customs, differed from the other " Achaeans." Later legend attributes to them a type of endogamy, interpreted afterwards as incest, infant sacrifice, and cannibalistic habits. iEschylus'^ looks upon these customs as crimes, and attributes them to a curse upon the House of Tantalus. I think, however, we may see in the Pelopids, and perhaps in other groups of op peoples, some non-Nordic type, most probably Alpines of some kind, who had accompanied the " Achaean " heroes southwards. That one of these should be fair-haired would be unusual, though by no means impossible if he had had a Nordic ancestress. If âvô's ever meant brown it must have meant Hght brown or auburn, and its force would be equally as great as if it meant flaxen ; it is not uncommon among Nordics. the Mediterraneans and eastern Alpines never have light brown hair ; Lastly we may take the case of the Thracians, who, as we have seen, were almost certainly the stock from which the " Achaeans " were derived. According to Ridgeway** some of these were fair and some dark, that is to say a fair Nordic strain had entered a land peopled with dark Alpines, and the result was a red-haired strain {nvppo^, as is often the case when fair and dark strains have mixed. *^ We have no right to expect from Homer, or any other Greek writer, an account of the head-form of the " Achaean " heroes. Nevertheless we find in the Iliad a word " Hall (1913) 67 ; Ridgeway (1901) 351. m Ridgeway (igoi) 400. » Giles, P., in a recent lecture. y Deniker (1900) 49, 50. n Aeschylus Agamemnon, 1178-1245, 1468-1474.
GREEK LANDS AND THE BASIS OF CHRONOLOGY 113 which gives us some indication on this point.** It is noticeable that all the people mentioned by name are captains of hosts, or members of the nobility ; the Ihad only records the doings of the " Achaean " heroes. One exception only is there to this rule. At one moment the host, composed no doubt of Alpines and Mediterraneans, thinks of revolting. Their leader is a mob-orator, fond of arguing as is the way with Alpines, and we can have httle doubt as to the racial affinities of Thersites. If we had any, one epithet used of him would satisfy us, for his head is described as 6 Homer, Iliad ii. 219. *' Ridgeway (1901) ch. iv. >7 Chadwick (1912) ch, xv.
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GAI QJnrttBU Hmueraitg SItbrarg att
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THE BRONZE AGE AND THE CELTIC WORLD
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kbÔ-X. PRINTED AND MADE IN GREAT B
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'Mi XI Cornell University Library T
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for inviting him to deliver the lec
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LIST OF FIGURES AND MAPS PAGE 1 MAP
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FOR Chapter I THE PROBLEM the last
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THE PROBLEM 17 groups of languages
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Chapter II THE FIRST INHABITANTS OF
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THE FIRST INHABITANTS OF CELTIC LAN
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THE FlRSt INHABITANTS OF CELTIC LAN
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EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS 35 is
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EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS z^ no
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EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS 39 be
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EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS 41 th
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EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS 43 Qu
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EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS 45 It
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EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS 47 th
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THE PROSPECTORS 49 introduced into
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THE PROSPECTORS S^ have been used i
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THE PROSPECTORS 53 I do not think,
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THE PROSPECTORS 55 antechambers in
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THE PROSPECTORS 57 portrait statuet
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THE PROSPECTORS 59 found on the Etr
Page 65 and 66: WE have Chapter V THE CELTIC CRADLE
Page 67 and 68: THE CELTIC CRADLE 63 Thus we find t
Page 69 and 70: FIG. 2. POTSHERD FROM KOSZYLOWSCE,
Page 71 and 72: THE CELTIC CRADLE 67 suggests that
Page 73 and 74: THE CELTIC CRADLE 69 of these were
Page 75 and 76: THAT Chapter VI MANY INVASIONS larg
Page 77 and 78: MANY INVASIONS ^ 73 it has been sug
Page 79 and 80: MANY INVASIONS 75 for suspecting th
Page 81 and 82: MANY INVASIONS ^^ of the mountain z
Page 83 and 84: ««»*' MANY INVASIONS 79 and had
Page 85 and 86: Chapter VII THE EVOLUTION OF THE LE
Page 87 and 88: THE EVOLUTION OF THE LEAF-SHAPED SW
Page 97 and 98: THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE LEAF-SHAPED
Page 109 and 110: GREEK LANDS AND THE BASIS OF CHRONO
Page 111 and 112: 66-L6Z (zz6i) ajfi 6 'msBq aqnuBQ a
Page 115: GREEK LANDS AND THE BASIS OF CHRONO
Page 121 and 122: WE have Chapter X THE IRON SWORD se
Page 123 and 124: THE IRON SWORD 119 that trade relat
Page 125 and 126: THE IRON SWORD 121 some came into c
Page 127 and 128: THE IRON SWORD 123 FIG. 23.—MAP S
Page 129 and 130: THE IRON SWORD 125 We have seen tha
Page 131 and 132: A RECAPITULATION 127 Other steppe-f
Page 133 and 134: A RECAPITULATION 129 The other move
Page 135 and 136: A RECAPITULATION 131 valley, crosse
Page 137 and 138: THE ARYAN CRADLE 133 philologists,
Page 139 and 140: THE ARYAN CRADLE I35 The original s
Page 141 and 142: THE ARYAN CRADLE 137 The use made o
Page 143 and 144: THE ARYAN CRADLE 139 Further invest
Page 145 and 146: THE ARYAN CRADLE 141 The state of c
Page 147 and 148: THE ARYAN CRADLE 143 Taking all fac
Page 149 and 150: FS AND Q'S 145 that the C in the Go
Page 151 and 152: FS AND Q'S 147 of France and the Br
Page 153 and 154: P'S AND Q'S 149 the Falisci, who dw
Page 155 and 156: FS AND Q'S 151 it was a corruption
Page 157 and 158: I Chapter XIV THE WANDERINGS OF THE
Page 159 and 160: THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS i55 a c
Page 161 and 162: THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS I57 Suc
Page 163 and 164: THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS 159 to
Page 165 and 166: THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS i6i Dod
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS 163 who
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS 165 evi
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS 167 muc
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CONCLUSION 169 such positive eviden
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CHRONOLOGY 171 be relatively modern
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Appendix II MATRILINEAR SUCCESSION
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MATRILINEAR 175 married her cousin
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A. .. A.A. . A.A.A. A.A. & E. A.d.P
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R.L.P.C. R.R.C.S.A. S.H.P.F. S.H.S.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY i8i Conway, R. S. : Th
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 183 Hoops, J. : Realle
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 185 Modestov, B. : Int
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Pumpelly, R. : Explorations in Turk
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 189 Wace, A. J. B. : E
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192 Asturias, 55. Athena, 175. Athe
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194 Dintorni del Fucino, 95. Dionys
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196 INDEX lona, 49. Ionic dialect,
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igS INDEX Neleus, 109. Neo-Celtic t
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200 INDEX Shrewsbury, 45. Shropshir
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PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY HEADLEY
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2 Cyprus. PLATE I. AXES FROM THE ME
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OS Scale. 1 2 3 4- S 6 in. 1 I I'l
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liîlfCvfci,, «--.~T ^..rr"'"^"^"^
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1 Hungary, site unknown. (1886) XX.
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Site unknown. vii. 42. Site unknown
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Podhering, Bereg Co. Hampel (1886)
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1 Greece : Mycenae. Schliemann (187
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Brentford, Middlesex. From the bed
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v.,"
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