The bronze age and the Celtic world - Universal History Library
The bronze age and the Celtic world - Universal History Library
The bronze age and the Celtic world - Universal History Library
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Chapter XIII<br />
FS AND Q'S<br />
WE have seen that with one notable exception,<br />
to explain <strong>the</strong> early history of <strong>the</strong> Wiros since<br />
httle<br />
1889,<br />
attempt has been made<br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> position of <strong>the</strong><br />
Aryan hypo<strong>the</strong>sis has remained stationary.' It is true that fresh evidences of<br />
such langu<strong>age</strong>s have been discovered in <strong>the</strong> upl<strong>and</strong>s of Asia, <strong>and</strong> a new group, known<br />
as Tocharian,* have been identified. Certain affinities to <strong>the</strong> group have also been noted<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Hittite langu<strong>age</strong>, which has been claimed by some writers to be a true Wiro<br />
tongue,' But this view has not received general acceptance. Little use, however, has<br />
been made of this fresh evidence towards solving <strong>the</strong> problem of <strong>the</strong> Aryan cradle.<br />
But early in 1891 an important communication was made to <strong>the</strong> Philological<br />
Society by Professor, afterwards Sir, John Rhys.* This paper raised a storm of hostile<br />
criticism, especially in Germany,' <strong>and</strong> its conclusions have not found favour in philological<br />
circles. As, however, some of Sir John's conclusions coincide in certain particulars with<br />
<strong>the</strong> reconstruction offered in <strong>the</strong> previous p<strong>age</strong>s, based on o<strong>the</strong>r evidence, <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>sis<br />
dem<strong>and</strong>s reconsideration.<br />
To summarise briefly, Rhys pointed out that <strong>the</strong> <strong>Celtic</strong> langu<strong>age</strong>s, now confined<br />
to <strong>the</strong> north-western fringe of Europe, fell naturally into two well-defined groups.<br />
One of <strong>the</strong>se, <strong>the</strong> Gaelic, or as he preferred to call it <strong>the</strong> Goidehc, was spoken in Irel<strong>and</strong>,<br />
North-West Scotl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Isle of Man. <strong>The</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, formerly called Cymric, but by<br />
Rhys styled Brythonic, was spoken in Wales, Cornwall <strong>and</strong> Brittany. <strong>The</strong>re are several<br />
marked differences between <strong>the</strong>se two groups of langu<strong>age</strong>s, <strong>the</strong> most important being<br />
' <strong>The</strong> best summaries up to this date are Taylor (1889) <strong>and</strong> Reinach (1892).<br />
» Sieg <strong>and</strong> Siegling (1921)<br />
3 Hrozny {1917).<br />
4 Rhys (1894).<br />
3 Zimmer (1912) ; Meyer (1895-6) 55-86.<br />
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