The bronze age and the Celtic world - Universal History Library

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i8 THE BRONZE AGE AND THE CELTIC WORLD prove that Celtic people arrived there relatively late and not in large numbers, and that they were never the dominant people of that region. There remains only the Alpine zone and the lands to the east of it. This area, from the Jura to the Iron Gates, from the northern slopes of the Carpathians to the southern foot-hills of the Alps, I shall term the Celtic cradle, and I trust that the evidence which I shall produce will convince my readers that I am correct in so doing.
Chapter II THE FIRST INHABITANTS OF CELTIC LANDS OFit is true, a number of tools made of flaked flint, but they tell us little of the earliest inhabitants of Celtic lands we know little or nothing. We have, the men who fashioned them. In spite of the recent admissions by the eminent French archaeologists who have examined the new discoveries at Foxhall,' there is still no httle difference of opinion as to the human workmanship* of rostro-carinates, eoliths and such hke early attempts, and no human remains have come to light which can be attributed with any probability to this horizon. When we come to what is usually termed the lower palaeolithic period we are on surer ground, for no one now denies the origin of implements of the Chelles and St. Acheul types. But the only skeletal remains which can with certainty be attributed to this period are the human jaw from the Mauer sand-pit near Heidelberg, ^ and the famous Piltdown skull.-* Few people now beUeve that the Galley HUl skeleton dates from so remote a time,' while the discoverer himself has disclaimed so early an origin for the Ipswich man.* To attempt to reconstruct a human type from a mandible alone would be indeed to carry far the principle of ex pede Herculem, and as yet there is little agreement among anthropologists as to the exact date, or for that matter the exact reconstruction, of the Piltdown skull,' though the ingenious hypothesis that a unique human cranium without « Moir (1921) 390-411 ; Burkitt (1921) 2. 456, 7 ; Man xxii. 33. » Macalister {1921) 1. 148-177. 3 Keith (1915) 1. 228-244 ; Schotensack (1908). 4 Keith (1915) 1. 293-452 ; Dawson, etc. (1913) ; Boule (1915)- 5 Keith (1915) 1. 178-193 ; Duckworth (1913) ; Macalister (1921) 1. 222, where other authorities are cited. « Nature, 12th October, 1916. 7 The question is well discussed by Macalister {1921) 1. 196-204, who gives numerous references. 19
Page 2 and 3: GAI QJnrttBU Hmueraitg SItbrarg att
Page 5: THE BRONZE AGE AND THE CELTIC WORLD
Page 8 and 9: kb^O-X. PRINTED AND MADE IN GREAT B
Page 10 and 11: 'Mi XI Cornell University Library T
Page 12 and 13: for inviting him to deliver the lec
Page 15: LIST OF FIGURES AND MAPS PAGE 1 MAP
Page 19 and 20: FOR Chapter I THE PROBLEM the last
Page 21: THE PROBLEM 17 groups of languages
Page 25 and 26: THE FIRST INHABITANTS OF CELTIC LAN
Page 29 and 30: THE FlRSt INHABITANTS OF CELTIC LAN
Page 39 and 40: EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS 35 is
Page 41 and 42: EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS z^ no
Page 43 and 44: EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS 39 be
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Page 51 and 52: EARLY TRADE WITH CELTIC LANDS 47 th
Page 53 and 54: THE PROSPECTORS 49 introduced into
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Page 57 and 58: THE PROSPECTORS 53 I do not think,
Page 59 and 60: THE PROSPECTORS 55 antechambers in
Page 61 and 62: THE PROSPECTORS 57 portrait statuet
Page 63 and 64: THE PROSPECTORS 59 found on the Etr
Page 65 and 66: WE have Chapter V THE CELTIC CRADLE
Page 67 and 68: THE CELTIC CRADLE 63 Thus we find t
Page 69 and 70: FIG. 2. POTSHERD FROM KOSZYLOWSCE,
Page 71 and 72: THE CELTIC CRADLE 67 suggests that
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THE CELTIC CRADLE 69 of these were
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THAT Chapter VI MANY INVASIONS larg
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MANY INVASIONS ^ 73 it has been sug
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MANY INVASIONS 75 for suspecting th
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MANY INVASIONS ^^ of the mountain z
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««»*' MANY INVASIONS 79 and had
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Chapter VII THE EVOLUTION OF THE LE
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THE EVOLUTION OF THE LEAF-SHAPED SW
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THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE LEAF-SHAPED
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GREEK LANDS AND THE BASIS OF CHRONO
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66-L6Z (zz6i) ajfi 6 'msBq aqnuBQ a
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WE have Chapter X THE IRON SWORD se
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THE IRON SWORD 119 that trade relat
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THE IRON SWORD 121 some came into c
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THE IRON SWORD 123 FIG. 23.—MAP S
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THE IRON SWORD 125 We have seen tha
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A RECAPITULATION 127 Other steppe-f
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A RECAPITULATION 129 The other move
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A RECAPITULATION 131 valley, crosse
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THE ARYAN CRADLE 133 philologists,
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THE ARYAN CRADLE I35 The original s
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THE ARYAN CRADLE 137 The use made o
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THE ARYAN CRADLE 139 Further invest
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THE ARYAN CRADLE 141 The state of c
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THE ARYAN CRADLE 143 Taking all fac
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FS AND Q'S 145 that the C in the Go
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FS AND Q'S 147 of France and the Br
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P'S AND Q'S 149 the Falisci, who dw
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FS AND Q'S 151 it was a corruption
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I Chapter XIV THE WANDERINGS OF THE
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS i55 a c
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS I57 Suc
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS 159 to
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS i6i Dod
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS 163 who
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS 165 evi
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THE WANDERINGS OF THE WIROS 167 muc
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CONCLUSION 169 such positive eviden
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CHRONOLOGY 171 be relatively modern
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Appendix II MATRILINEAR SUCCESSION
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MATRILINEAR 175 married her cousin
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A. .. A.A. . A.A.A. A.A. & E. A.d.P
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R.L.P.C. R.R.C.S.A. S.H.P.F. S.H.S.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY i8i Conway, R. S. : Th
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 183 Hoops, J. : Realle
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 185 Modestov, B. : Int
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Pumpelly, R. : Explorations in Turk
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 189 Wace, A. J. B. : E
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192 Asturias, 55. Athena, 175. Athe
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194 Dintorni del Fucino, 95. Dionys
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196 INDEX lona, 49. Ionic dialect,
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igS INDEX Neleus, 109. Neo-Celtic t
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200 INDEX Shrewsbury, 45. Shropshir
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PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY HEADLEY
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2 Cyprus. PLATE I. AXES FROM THE ME
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OS Scale. 1 2 3 4- S 6 in. 1 I I'l
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li^ilfCvfci,, «--.~T ^..rr"'"^"^"^
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1 Hungary, site unknown. (1886) XX.
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Site unknown. vii. 42. Site unknown
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Podhering, Bereg Co. Hampel (1886)
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1 Greece : Mycenae. Schliemann (187
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Brentford, Middlesex. From the bed
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v.,"
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