Enamels and enamelling; an introduction to the preparation and ...

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120 ENAMELS AND ENAMELLING. such event it is easy to increase the fusibility of the product by the aid of borax. The effect of magnesia is to render the enamel more readily distributable over the surface to which it is applied, and the use of this substance is therefore particularly advisable when preparing enamels desired to distribute uniformly on small articles. A very important point in the preparation of all enamels is the so-called decoloration by means of oxidising bodies, added in order to convert ferrous oxide into ferric oxide, and thereby diminish the pigmentary power exerted by the former. It is evident that the sole object accomplished by this treatment is the production of enamels with a yellow tinge, but not perfectly colourless, the sole means of effecting this latter desideratum being the use of perfectly pure, and therefore costly, raw materials. There is, however, a simple means whereby enamel masses from somewhat impure materials can be obtained of a fine white colour, and this is by the addition of very small quanti- ties of fine smalt to the mass. Like all cobalt preparations, smalt is capable of imparting a deep blue colour to glass, but the shade in this case is complementary to the yellow tinge produced by ferric oxide, and therefore the one counteracts the other, the result being to leave the enamel quite white. Of course this mutual destruction of colour only occurs when the right proportion of the two pigmentary bodies is hit upon ; for if an insufficient amount of smalt be taken, the yellow from the iron is only weakened and still remains apparent, whilst an excess of smalt imparts a bluish (milkwhite) tinge to the mass. The expense of decolorising enamels in this way is a negligible factor a minute quantity of smalt sufficing for a large batch of enamel mass. All that is necessary is to accurately determine, by several tentative experiments, how
COMPOSITION OF ENAMEL MASSES. 121 much smalt is actually required to produce the desired effect. The colour of the cobalt pigments being unaffected by tem- perature, decolorising by smalt can be practised with the most refractory enamels, and is an operation that should never be omitted, beauty of appearance increasing the com- mercial value even of enamels for purely technical purposes.
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LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFO
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PREFACE. As in all other branches o
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE ...
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IX. SUBSIDIARY MATERIALS (continued
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ENAMELS AND ENAMELLING. I. INTRODUC
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temporary alchemist B. Palissy, INT
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INTRODUCTION. 5 The raw materials f
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THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF G
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THE COMPOSITION AND PKOPEETIES OF G
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BAW MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE O
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RAW MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE O
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EAW MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE O
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EAW MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE O
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KAW MATEKIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE O
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KAW MATEKIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE O
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KAW MATEEIALS FOR THE MANUFACTUCE O
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IV. SUBSTANCES ADDED TO PRODUCE OPA
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SUBSTANCES ADDED TO PRODUCE OPACITY
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V. FLUXES. The attainment of a suit
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FLUXES. 41 resembles that of silica
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FLUXES. 48 metallic oxides, it is a
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' FLUXES. 45 FELSPAR. This mineral
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colour ; VI. PIGMENTS. Enamel masse
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For violet : manganese oxide. For b
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PIGMENTS. 51 condense on the cooler
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PIGMENTS. 53 acid, which unites wit
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PIGMENTS. 55 Ferric Oxide. In concl
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PIGMENTS. 57 RED PIGMENTS. Gold Oxi
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PIGMENTS. 59 sediment of silver chl
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PIGMENTS. 61 a precipitate continue
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PIGMENTS. 63 -cipitated from combin
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PIGMENTS. 65 so long as the flame o
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PIGMENTS. 67 Cobaltous Zinc Phospha
Page 81 and 82: PIGMENTS. 69 Cobaltous oxide is mor
Page 83 and 84: I UNIVERSITY PIGMENTS.^ 71 the enam
Page 85 and 86: VII. DECOLORISING AGENTS. The subst
Page 87 and 88: DECOLORISING AGENTS. 75 FUSION TEST
Page 89 and 90: DECOLOEISING AGENTS. 77 Saltpetre o
Page 91 and 92: TESTING THE KAW MATERIALS AND ENAME
Page 93 and 94: TESTING THE RAW MATERIALS AND ENAME
Page 99 and 100: IX. SUBSIDIARY MATERIALS. As is the
Page 101 and 102: merely SUBSIDIARY MATERIALS. 89 a f
Page 103 and 104: SUBSIDIARY MATERIALS. 91 light-colo
Page 105 and 106: SUBSIDIARY MATERIALS. 93 putrid odo
Page 107 and 108: PREPAEING THE MATERIALS FOR ENAMEL-
Page 109 and 110: PREPARING THE MATERIALS FOR ENAMEL-
Page 111 and 112: MIXING THE MATERIALS 99 The barrel
Page 113 and 114: THE ENAMEL MASS. 101 suffered from
Page 115 and 116: XIII. APPLIANCES FOE SMELTING THE E
Page 117 and 118: APPLIANCES FOR SMELTING THE ENAMEL
Page 119 and 120: APPLIANCES FOE SMELTING THE ENAMEL
Page 121 and 122: APPLIANCES FOB SMELTING THE ENAMEL
Page 123 and 124: APPLIANCES FOR SMELTING THE ENAMEL
Page 125 and 126: plug is made rather too large, SMEL
Page 127 and 128: SMELTING THE CHARGE. 115 briskly fo
Page 129 and 130: SMELTING THE CHARGE. 117 handling o
Page 131: COMPOSITION OF ENAMEL MASSES. 119 i
Page 135 and 136: COMPOSITION OF MASSES FOR GROUND EN
Page 137 and 138: COMPOSITION OF MASSES FOR GROUND EN
Page 139 and 140: xvn. COMPOSITION OF COVER ENAMELS.
Page 141 and 142: COMPOSITION OF COVER ENAMELS. 129 e
Page 143 and 144: COMPOSITION OF COVER ENAMELS. 131 P
Page 145 and 146: COMPOSITION OF COVER ENAMELS. 133 O
Page 147 and 148: COMPOSITION OF COVER ENAMELS. 135 m
Page 149 and 150: PREPARING THE ARTICLES FOR ENAMELLI
Page 155 and 156: APPLYING THE ENAMEL. 143 inconvenie
Page 157 and 158: XX. FIEING THE GKOUND ENAMEL. Firin
Page 159 and 160: FIRING THE GROUND ENAMEL. 147 shoul
Page 161 and 162: FIRING THE GROUND ENAMEL, 149 it, c
Page 163 and 164: XXI. APPLYING AND FIRING THE COVER
Page 165 and 166: APPLYING AND PIKING THE COVER ENAME
Page 167 and 168: REPAIRING DEFECTS IN ENAiMELLED WAR
Page 169 and 170: XXIII. ENAMELLING ARTICLES OF SHEET
Page 171 and 172: ENAMELLING ARTICLES OF SHEET METAL.
Page 173 and 174: ENAMELLING ARTICLES OF SHEET METAL.
Page 175 and 176: ENAMELLING AKTICLES OF SHEET METAL.
Page 177 and 178: XXIV. DECOKATING ENAMELLED WAKE. Th
Page 179 and 180: XXV. SPECIALTIES IN ENAMELLING. Sun
Page 181 and 182: SPECIALTIES IN ENAMELLING. 169 cal
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SPECIALTIES IN ENAMELLING. 171 BOTT
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DIAL-PLATE ENAMELLING. 173 covering
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ENAMELS FOR ARTISTIC PUEPOSES. 175
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ENAMELS FOK ARTISTIC PURPOSES. 177
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ENAMELS FOR ARTISTIC PURPOSES. 179
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ENAMELS FOE ARTISTIC PURPOSES. 181
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A. Acid pickle for enamel ware, 92.
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Enamel mass, testing, 80. Enamelled
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Potassium antimonite pigment, 52. c
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Catalogue OF Special G)ee6nieal FOR
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without Chambers Indian Ink Enamel
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^Contents. Resins Solvents : Natura
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Contents. Introduction Occurrence,
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Chemicals, Waste Products and Agric
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11 Writing Inks and Sealing Waxes.
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13 X Rays. PRACTICAL X RAY WORK. By
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i5 Stains, Coloured Dips Glazes. Ch
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17 A Reissue of THE HISTORY OP THE
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19 Contents. Composition and Proper
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21 FAULTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOO
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DYERS' MATERIALS : 23 An Introducti
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25 Collieries and Mines, RECOVERY W
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27 upon which Press Currents of Ste
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TIMBER : 29 Timber and Wood Waste.
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31 Lithography and Engraving. PRACT
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UNIVFT? RETURN TO the circulation d
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