ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC ...

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Tr. No. Table 44. Per cent reduction of nymph of Aphis crassivora on cowpea due to Verticillium lecanii (Vl2) under field conditions Treatments I spray II spray III spray 3 DAA 7 DAA 14 DAA 3 DAA 7 DAA 14 DAA 3 DAA 7 DAA 14 DAA T1 2 x 10 5 10.79 b 17.65 c 24.13 d 10.10 d 16.17 c 28.10 c 16.57 c 23.10 c 30.60 e T 2 2 x 10 6 12.84 b 18.30 c 33.02 bc 11.91 d 18.37 c 32.73 bc 17.97 bc 24.20 c 35.07 d T3 2 x 10 8 11.89 b 19.00 c 34.35 b 15.56 c 24.43 c 35.53 b 19.53 bc 24.93 c 41.30 c T4 2 x 10 10 10.98 b 34.86 b 29.97 c 15.40 c 35.99 b 30.62 bc 20.08 bc 57.03 b 45.23 bc T5 2 x 10 12 13.73 b 39.46 b 33.03 bc 19.47 b 42.80 b 33.84 b 21.83 b 61.80 b 49.53 b T6 Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1.7 ml/litre 39.75 a 50.47 a 45.50 a 62.98 a 72.73 a 63.38 a 80.35 a 89.97 a 83.57 a T 7 Untreated control 5.26 c 7.92 d 11.48 e 7.65 e 8.56 d 9.46 d 9.78 d 14.57 d 14.57 f DAA – Days after application In vertical columns means followed by similar letters do not significantly different (p=0.05)
The fungal spray at higher dosage (1.2 x 10 12 ) after 7 days of second and third spray only showed more than 50 per cent of mortality. The concentrations 2 x 10 12 and 2 x 10 10 performed at par with each other and significantly superior to all doses of V. lecanii at 7 DAS and this trend continued at 14 DAS after the first and third spray. Even at the lowest dose V. lecanii was significantly superior to untreated only at 7 and 14 DAS. After first spray there was no significant difference between all the doses of V. lecanii and untreated control at 3 DAS, but inferior to chemical spray became evident (Table 45). However observations showed no difference between highest dose of V. lecanii (2 x 10 12 ) and succeeding dose (2 x 10 10 ). Conversely, the lowest dose (2 x 10 5 ) failed as badly as untreated check throughout the study period at third day after each spray (Table 45). Dimethoate, efficiently knocked down at the third day of first spray and continued to maintain its effectiveness throughout the observation period. 4.12 CHEMICAL MUTATION UV radiation The conidial suspension of Ma2 and Vl1 exposed to UV radiation at 5 cms from UV bulb resulted in an optimum killing percentage of 99.97 per cent. From the stock of mutagenized survivors, totally twelve mutants from Vl1 and twelve mutants from Ma2 strain were developed. The test insects (H. armigera and B. brassicae) exhibited mortality to all mutants. However, the mortality of V. lecanii mutants values ranged from minimum of 32.59 to maximum of 91.97 per cent during the study (Table 46). Among Vl1 derived mutants highest cumulative mortality of 91.97 per cent was observed on VA2, but failed to differ statistically from other mutants, VA5 (90.56%), VA11 (91.96%) and VA12 (89.36%). The lowest mortality was recorded with VA9 with only 32.59 per cent. The M2 derived mutants exhibited moderate pathogenicity of H. armigera. The mortality ranged from 36.50 in MH12 to 91.67 in MH4 and was on par with MH2 (90.92%). The next best mutant was MH8 (82.75%) followed by MH5 (77.10%) and held type V1 (73.96%).
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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF E
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Chapter No. I INTRODUCTION C O N T
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Contd….. Table No. Title 14. Spor
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Contd….. Table No. Title 39. Per
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Plate No. LIST OF PLATES Title 1. M
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I.INTRODUCTION The increased use of
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II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The variou
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The entomopathogenic fungi so far i
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Table 1. Contd….. Sl. No. Insect
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Milner et al. (2002) studied the ef
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25°C for sporulation and biomass p
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Pathogencity of various strains/iso
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Gopalkrishnan and Mohan (2000) test
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necessary serial dilutions under ph
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Sl. No. Table 2. Details of differe
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3.9 EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FORMULA
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Fig. 1. Mycopathogens of insect pes
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Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
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Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
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Table 5. Contd….. Mycosis noticed
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Totally eight isolates of N. rileyi
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Metarhizium anisopliae Vertucillium
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Ma 1 (Dharwad) Ma2 (Dharwad) Ma 3 (
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Table 8. Mortality caused by the is
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Helicoverpa armigera Dimond Black M
Page 51 and 52: Plate 5. The moratality of Hlelicov
Page 53 and 54: Table 11. Total biomass production
Page 55 and 56: Table 12. Total biomass production
Page 57 and 58: Table 14. Sporulation of Metarhiziu
Page 59 and 60: Mean spore yield x 10 8 /g 25 20 15
Page 61 and 62: Among the non-grain substrates, the
Page 63 and 64: Mean spore yield x 10 4 /g 35 30 25
Page 65 and 66: Sl. No. Table 19. Effect of fungici
Page 67 and 68: Per cent inhibition 100 90 80 70 60
Page 69 and 70: Sl. No. Table 21. Effect of insecti
Page 71 and 72: Out of nine insecticides, endosulfa
Page 73 and 74: Sl. No. Table 23. Effect of weedici
Page 75 and 76: Days after storage Table 25. Persis
Page 77 and 78: Table 26. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 79 and 80: Table 28. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 81 and 82: Sl. No. Table 29. Survival of Metar
Page 83 and 84: Sl. No. Table 30. Survival of Metar
Page 85 and 86: Per cent germination 90 80 70 60 50
Page 87 and 88: Sl. No. Table 33. Survival of Verti
Page 93 and 94: 4.9 PATHOGENICITY OF Verticillium l
Page 95 and 96: Sl. No. Table 39. Per cent mortalit
Page 97 and 98: Culture grown on rice grains Harves
Page 99 and 100: Tr. No. Table 41. Per cent reductio
Page 101: Tr. No. Table 43. Per cent reductio
Page 105 and 106: Table 46. Effect of wild types and
Page 107 and 108: The hyphal and conidial characters
Page 109 and 110: In an earlier experiment, bagasse w
Page 111 and 112: M. anisopliae exhibited rapid reduc
Page 113 and 114: higher mortality of aphids. The com
Page 115 and 116: 14. Oil formulations proved better
Page 117 and 118: CHARNLEY, A.K. AND ST. LEGER, R.J.,
Page 119 and 120: IGNOFFO, C.M., MARSTON, N.L., HOSTE
Page 121 and 122: MULLER, E.J., 2000, Control of the
Page 123 and 124: ST LEGER, R.J., BUTT, T.M., STAPLES
Page 125 and 126: APPENDIX I Mean monthly weather dat
Page 127 and 128: Maharashtra Association for the Cul
Page 129: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF E
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