ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC ...

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90 DAS A sharp decrease in conidia was observed in all carrier material at both temperature (room and earthern pot). Even in other storage temperature (refrigerated and deep freezer) there was decline after 90 days of storage. Among all the storage temperature, maximum conidial viability was recorded with 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent sunflower oil with per cent germination of 65.46, 87.60 and 91.50 under room temperature, earthern pot, refrigerated and deep freezer respectively (Table 35). After 90 days of storage, the per cent germination had dropped below 50 per cent in all except 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent sunflower (65.46%), 50 per cent conidia + 50 per cent sunflower (59.08%) and 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent groundnut oil (50.58%) stored at room temperature, whereas under earthern pot storage, 75 per cent + 25 per cent (65.41), 50 per cent conidia + 50 per cent sunflower (60.59%), 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent groundnut (60.95), 50 per cent conidia + 50 per cent groundnut oil (51.62 per cent) and 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent sorghum flour recorded more than 50 per cent germination (Table 35). 120 DAS In case of refrigerated and deep freezer storage temperature all carrier material were able to retain a conidial viability above 80 per cent. At 120 days of storage, the germination ranged from 28.60 at room temperature in 50 per cent conidia + 50 per cent wheat flour to maximum of 88.96 per cent at deep freezer in 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent sunflower soil treatment (Table 36 and Fig. 6). The maximum viability under room temperature and earthern pot was recorded in 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent sunflower (62.73 and 64.26%) followed by 50 per cent conidia + 50 per cent groundnut (45.28% and 50.91%) and lowest viability in 50 per cent conidia + 50 wheat flour (28.60% and 28.73% under room temperature and earthern pot respectively). The conidial viability in refrigerated temperature was maximum again in 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent sunflower (85.32%). However, 50 per cent conidia + 50 per cent sunflower, 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent sorghum flour and 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent wheat flour were next in order with 84.26 per cent, 84.23 per cent and 83.66 per cent and the least viability was recorded in 50 per cent conidia + 50 per cent mustard (78.16 per cent germination) (Table 36). 150 DAS Storage temperature has significant effect on the viability of V. lecanii after 150 days. The survival was significantly higher when stored at deep freezer, but significantly reduced when stored at prevailing room temperature. The per cent germination had dropped below 50 per cent in all except 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent sunflower oil both at room and earthern pot temperature condition (Table 37). Irrespective of the storage temperature, wettable powder formulation significantly affected the viability of V. lecanii at room temperature and earthen pot temperature. Significant variation among the various conidial protectants were observed, where in 75 per cent conidia + 25 per cent sunflower oil supported maximum number of conidial germination (54.13% and 56.46% at room and earthen pot temperature respectively) and the least in case of 50 per cent conidia + 50 per cent wheat flour (14.24%) at room temperature and 50 per cent conidia + 50 per cent sorghum flour in the earthen pot.
Sl. No. Table 34. Survival of Verticillium lecanii in different oil based and wettable powder formulations under different storage temperature (75 DAI) Treatments Room temperature (28±2°C) 1. 75% conidia + 25% groundnut oil 2. 50% conidia + 50% groundnut oil 3. 75% conidia + 25% mustard oil 4. 50% conidia + 50% mustard oil 5. 75% conidia + 25% sunflower oil 6. 50% conidia + 50% sunflower oil 7. 75% conidia + 25% wheat flour 8. 50% conidia + 50% wheat flour 9. 75% conidia + 25% sorghum flour 10. 50% conidia + 50% sorghum flour 54.63 c (47.65) 48.73 e (44.25) 46.31 f (42.88) 45.16 g (42.22) 64.60 a (53.49) 60.83 b (51.25) 46.26 f (42.86) 40.50 h (39.52) 51.68 d (45.95) 46.26 f (42.86) Per cent germination Earthern pots (22±3°C) 68.13 a (55.63) 55.25 d (48.00) 48.43 f (44.10) 45.26 h (42.28) 67.28 b (55.102) 60.50 c (51.06) 46.66 g (43.09) 41.00l (39.81) 53.85 e (47.20) 46.50 g (42.99) Means followed by same alphabet do not differ significantly (0.01) Figures in the parenthesis are arc sin values Refrige ration (6°C) 88.17 a (69.88) 84.87 c (66.98) 85.83 b (67.89) 84.23 c (66.60) 88.45 a (70.12) 86.26 b (68.25) 86.16 b (68.16) 83.41 d (65.95) 88.00 a (69.73) 84.50 c (66.81) Deep freezer (-20°C) 91.33 a (73.50) 89.60 c (71.19) 90.00 abc (71.57) 88.33 c (70.03) 91.61 ab (73.15) 88.64 c (70.30) 91.70 ab (73.43) 88.41 c (70.09) 89.80 bc (71.37) 88.16 c (69.88)
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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF E
Page 3 and 4:
Chapter No. I INTRODUCTION C O N T
Page 5 and 6:
Contd….. Table No. Title 14. Spor
Page 7 and 8:
Contd….. Table No. Title 39. Per
Page 9 and 10:
Plate No. LIST OF PLATES Title 1. M
Page 11 and 12:
I.INTRODUCTION The increased use of
Page 13 and 14:
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The variou
Page 15 and 16:
The entomopathogenic fungi so far i
Page 17 and 18:
Table 1. Contd….. Sl. No. Insect
Page 19 and 20:
Milner et al. (2002) studied the ef
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25°C for sporulation and biomass p
Page 23 and 24:
Pathogencity of various strains/iso
Page 25 and 26:
Gopalkrishnan and Mohan (2000) test
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necessary serial dilutions under ph
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Sl. No. Table 2. Details of differe
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3.9 EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FORMULA
Page 33 and 34:
Fig. 1. Mycopathogens of insect pes
Page 35 and 36:
Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
Page 37 and 38: Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
Page 39 and 40: Table 5. Contd….. Mycosis noticed
Page 41 and 42: Totally eight isolates of N. rileyi
Page 43 and 44: Metarhizium anisopliae Vertucillium
Page 45 and 46: Ma 1 (Dharwad) Ma2 (Dharwad) Ma 3 (
Page 47 and 48: Table 8. Mortality caused by the is
Page 49 and 50: Helicoverpa armigera Dimond Black M
Page 51 and 52: Plate 5. The moratality of Hlelicov
Page 53 and 54: Table 11. Total biomass production
Page 55 and 56: Table 12. Total biomass production
Page 57 and 58: Table 14. Sporulation of Metarhiziu
Page 59 and 60: Mean spore yield x 10 8 /g 25 20 15
Page 61 and 62: Among the non-grain substrates, the
Page 63 and 64: Mean spore yield x 10 4 /g 35 30 25
Page 65 and 66: Sl. No. Table 19. Effect of fungici
Page 67 and 68: Per cent inhibition 100 90 80 70 60
Page 69 and 70: Sl. No. Table 21. Effect of insecti
Page 71 and 72: Out of nine insecticides, endosulfa
Page 73 and 74: Sl. No. Table 23. Effect of weedici
Page 75 and 76: Days after storage Table 25. Persis
Page 77 and 78: Table 26. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 79 and 80: Table 28. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 81 and 82: Sl. No. Table 29. Survival of Metar
Page 83 and 84: Sl. No. Table 30. Survival of Metar
Page 85 and 86: Per cent germination 90 80 70 60 50
Page 87: Sl. No. Table 33. Survival of Verti
Page 91 and 92: Sl. No. Table 36. Survival of Verti
Page 93 and 94: 4.9 PATHOGENICITY OF Verticillium l
Page 95 and 96: Sl. No. Table 39. Per cent mortalit
Page 97 and 98: Culture grown on rice grains Harves
Page 99 and 100: Tr. No. Table 41. Per cent reductio
Page 101 and 102: Tr. No. Table 43. Per cent reductio
Page 103 and 104: The fungal spray at higher dosage (
Page 105 and 106: Table 46. Effect of wild types and
Page 107 and 108: The hyphal and conidial characters
Page 109 and 110: In an earlier experiment, bagasse w
Page 111 and 112: M. anisopliae exhibited rapid reduc
Page 113 and 114: higher mortality of aphids. The com
Page 115 and 116: 14. Oil formulations proved better
Page 117 and 118: CHARNLEY, A.K. AND ST. LEGER, R.J.,
Page 119 and 120: IGNOFFO, C.M., MARSTON, N.L., HOSTE
Page 121 and 122: MULLER, E.J., 2000, Control of the
Page 123 and 124: ST LEGER, R.J., BUTT, T.M., STAPLES
Page 125 and 126: APPENDIX I Mean monthly weather dat
Page 127 and 128: Maharashtra Association for the Cul
Page 129: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF E
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