ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

4.5 EVALUATION OF FOOD GRAINS AND AGRO WASTES FOR SPORULATION OF Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma2) AND V. lecanii (Vl1) 4.5.1 Food grains Different food grains were evaluated for their suitability to support the conidial production of the mycopathogens based on the time taken to initiate mycelial growth, sporulation and conidial yield at 6, 8, 15, 20 and 25 days after inoculation (DAI). In general, the mycelial growth and production of conidia increased with increase in DAI and by 20 DAI, it covered the surface of the media almost completely. The conidial yield was influenced significantly by the source of grain at all intervals of observation. The growth of M. anisopliae was significantly higher on bajra (22.77 x 10 8 conidia/g) followed by sorghum (11.60 x 10 8 conidia/g), rice (8.4 10 8 conidia/g) and maize (6.76 x 10 8 conidia/g) (Table 14 and Fig. 2). On the other hand, wheat supported least yield 3.22 x 10 8 condiia/g, conidial production increased from 6 th to 20 th day and remained constant further in all the treatments. The conidial production on the 20 th day was high in bajra (24.90 x 10 8 condia/g), whereas in navane (7.78 x 10 8 conidia/g) and wheat (3.76 x 10 8 conidia/g) grain, as at the previous interval faired, as poor substrate for fungal productivity. In case of Verticillium lecanii, rice proved superior by producing significantly higher spore load (24.59 x 10 8 conidia/g) followed by sorghum (17.49 x 10 8 conidia/g) bajra (10.34 x 10 8 conidia/g). On the other hand, navane supported the least yield (3.52 x 10 8 conidia/g) and its suitability was no better than wheat (3.54 x 10 8 conidia/g). The conidial load was maximum after 20 DAI against all the treatments tested (Table 15 and Fig. 2). 4.5.2 Agro waste In all, five agro wastes (viz., maize cobs, wheat bran, rice bran, baggase and press mud) singly and along with 10 per cent molasses were evaluated for their suitability as principle substrate for the mass production of fungal insect pathogens. Among the agro wastes, rice bran enhanced the productivity of both the fungi compared to other agro wastes. The conidial mass harvested per gram of dietary grain used, increased steadily with inoculation of molasses in both the strains. Among the agro waste tested with Ma-2 (Table 16 and Fig. 3), rice bran + 10 per cent molasses proved to be superior in producing significantly higher spore load (33.24 x 10 4 conidia/g) followed by wheat bran + 10 per cent molasses (19.03 x 10 4 conidia/g) rice bran and wheat bran with a spore yield of 12.80 x 10 4 and 10.16 x 10 4 conidia/g, respectively. In others, the spore count was considerably less. Pressmud + 10 per cent molasses supported least yield 0.42 x 104 spore/g, where initiation of growth and sporutation resulted only after 20 DAI. In general, mycelial growth and conidiation increased with increase in DAI upto 20 DAI but significant reduction of conidial yield was observed at 25 DAI in some substrate viz., rice bran, rice bran + 10 per cent molasses and in baggasse + 10 per cent molasses. The growth and sporulation of V. lecanii Vl1 (Table 17 and Fig.3) was found to be better on rice bran + 10 per cent molasses (30.86 x 10 4 conidia/g) followed by wheat bran + 10 per cent molasses (18.76 x 10 4 conidia/g) and rice bran (15.98 x 10 4 conidia/g). Complete inhibition of growth and reproduction of the fungus was noticed on bagasse and pressmud with 1 per cent yeast extract alone. However, growth was recorded when baggasse and pressmud was supplemented with 10 per cent molasses (10.88 and 7.90 conidia/g respectively).
Table 12. Total biomass production of Verticillium lecanii (Vl1) as influenced by carbon sources Carbon source Total dry matter content (gm/ 250 ml) 10 g/lt* 20 g/lt* 30 g/lt* 40 g/lt* Mean Lactose 3.81 4.71 4.63 5.00 4.53 Starch 4.49 5.29 6.21 7.90 5.97 Fructose 4.05 5.05 5.38 6.09 5.14 Sucrose 4.41 5.25 6.77 7.51 5.98 Dextrose 4.29 4.97 5.96 7.83 5.76 Mean 4.21 5.05 5.79 6.86 5.48 S.Em± CD (0.01) A (Carbon) 0.029 0.116 B (Conc.) 0.026 0.104 A x B 0.057 0.232 * Concentration of carbon source in Czapeck dox medium
Page 1 and 2:
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF E
Page 3 and 4: Chapter No. I INTRODUCTION C O N T
Page 5 and 6: Contd….. Table No. Title 14. Spor
Page 7 and 8: Contd….. Table No. Title 39. Per
Page 9 and 10: Plate No. LIST OF PLATES Title 1. M
Page 11 and 12: I.INTRODUCTION The increased use of
Page 13 and 14: II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The variou
Page 15 and 16: The entomopathogenic fungi so far i
Page 17 and 18: Table 1. Contd….. Sl. No. Insect
Page 19 and 20: Milner et al. (2002) studied the ef
Page 21 and 22: 25°C for sporulation and biomass p
Page 23 and 24: Pathogencity of various strains/iso
Page 25 and 26: Gopalkrishnan and Mohan (2000) test
Page 27 and 28: necessary serial dilutions under ph
Page 29 and 30: Sl. No. Table 2. Details of differe
Page 31 and 32: 3.9 EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FORMULA
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 1. Mycopathogens of insect pes
Page 35 and 36: Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
Page 37 and 38: Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
Page 39 and 40: Table 5. Contd….. Mycosis noticed
Page 41 and 42: Totally eight isolates of N. rileyi
Page 43 and 44: Metarhizium anisopliae Vertucillium
Page 45 and 46: Ma 1 (Dharwad) Ma2 (Dharwad) Ma 3 (
Page 47 and 48: Table 8. Mortality caused by the is
Page 49 and 50: Helicoverpa armigera Dimond Black M
Page 51 and 52: Plate 5. The moratality of Hlelicov
Page 53: Table 11. Total biomass production
Page 57 and 58: Table 14. Sporulation of Metarhiziu
Page 59 and 60: Mean spore yield x 10 8 /g 25 20 15
Page 61 and 62: Among the non-grain substrates, the
Page 63 and 64: Mean spore yield x 10 4 /g 35 30 25
Page 65 and 66: Sl. No. Table 19. Effect of fungici
Page 67 and 68: Per cent inhibition 100 90 80 70 60
Page 69 and 70: Sl. No. Table 21. Effect of insecti
Page 71 and 72: Out of nine insecticides, endosulfa
Page 73 and 74: Sl. No. Table 23. Effect of weedici
Page 75 and 76: Days after storage Table 25. Persis
Page 77 and 78: Table 26. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 79 and 80: Table 28. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 81 and 82: Sl. No. Table 29. Survival of Metar
Page 83 and 84: Sl. No. Table 30. Survival of Metar
Page 85 and 86: Per cent germination 90 80 70 60 50
Page 87 and 88: Sl. No. Table 33. Survival of Verti
Page 93 and 94: 4.9 PATHOGENICITY OF Verticillium l
Page 95 and 96: Sl. No. Table 39. Per cent mortalit
Page 97 and 98: Culture grown on rice grains Harves
Page 99 and 100: Tr. No. Table 41. Per cent reductio
Page 101 and 102: Tr. No. Table 43. Per cent reductio
Page 103 and 104: The fungal spray at higher dosage (
Page 105 and 106:
Table 46. Effect of wild types and
Page 107 and 108:
The hyphal and conidial characters
Page 109 and 110:
In an earlier experiment, bagasse w
Page 111 and 112:
M. anisopliae exhibited rapid reduc
Page 113 and 114:
higher mortality of aphids. The com
Page 115 and 116:
14. Oil formulations proved better
Page 117 and 118:
CHARNLEY, A.K. AND ST. LEGER, R.J.,
Page 119 and 120:
IGNOFFO, C.M., MARSTON, N.L., HOSTE
Page 121 and 122:
MULLER, E.J., 2000, Control of the
Page 123 and 124:
ST LEGER, R.J., BUTT, T.M., STAPLES
Page 125 and 126:
APPENDIX I Mean monthly weather dat
Page 127 and 128:
Maharashtra Association for the Cul
Page 129:
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF E
show all

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?