ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC ...

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The pathogenicity of the mycopathogen M. anisopliae Ma2 was tested against two species (Helicoverpa armigera and Oryctes rhinoceros) (Plate 3) of insect pest and mycopathogen V. lecanii Vl1 was tested against 5 species of insect pests viz., Brevicornia brassicae, Aphis crassivora, Melanaphis sacchari, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Aleurodicus disperses. The results are presented in Table 8 and Plate 4. Among the insects tested by V. lecanii Vl1, cabbage aphid B. brassicae was more susceptible (94.50%) followed by cowpea aphid A. crassivora (84.23%), sorghum aphid M. sacchari (72.42%) and chilli mite P. latus (55.10%). Spirilling whitefly, A. disperses recorded lowest mortality of 51.35 per cent. In case of M. anisopliae the maximum mortality was recorded in Rhinocerous beetle (85.10%) followed by American bollworm (82.00%) (Plate 5). The different strains of M. anisopliae and V. lecanii obtained were tested against H. armigera and B. brassicae. The results are presented in Table 9. The mortality of H. armigera larvae treated with the different isolates of M. anisopliae showed that Ma2 caused maximum cumulative mortality (87.50%) followed by Ma-1 (83.21%). The other two isolates Ma1 and Ma4 caused only 62.28 and 74.81 per cent mortality. Among the different isolates of V. lecanii tested against Brevicornia brassica, Vl1 recorded maximum mortality of 94.50 per cent followed by Vl3 (83.50%) and Vl1 (78.32%). 4.4 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES ON THE BIOMASS OF Verticillium lecanii (Vl1) AND Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma2) The effect of different carbon sources on the growth of M. anisopliae Ma2 was evaluated at different concentrations in the Czapecks Dox broth (Table 10). From the results, it was observed that the total dry matter production was significantly higher on the medium containing starch (6.01 g/250 ml) followed by sucrose (5.51 g/250 ml) and fructose (4.83 g/250 ml). Lactose supported least growth with only 4.44 g/250 ml of dry matter production. The interaction effect of carbon source and levels on biomass production of M. anisopliae was maximum with starch 40 g/l (6.01 g/250 ml). As the concentration of sugar tested increased from 10 to 40 g/l, mean biomass also increased from 4.14 g/l at 10 g/l to 6.01 g/l at 40 g/l. Among different nitrogen sources evaluated for production of M. anisopliae, KNO 3 (5.76 g/250 ml) was found to be best source followed by NH4NO3 (5.32 g/250 ml). There was reduced growth in NaNO3 (4.40 g/250 ml). The optimum concentration of nitrogen was found to be 2 g/l (5.53) for all nitrogen sources (Table 11). Various concentrations of carbon and nitrogen source were evaluated against total dry matter production of V. lecanii. Biomass was marginal (4.219 m) at lower concentration of carbon source and was highest (4.66 g/250 ml) at the highest concentration (40 g/l) and was significantly superior to rest of the treatment. Among the carbon sources tested, the mean per cent biomass with sucrose (5.398 g/250 ml) and starch (5.97 g/250 ml) were on par with each other and significantly superior to rest of the carbon sources tested (Table 12). In case of nitrogen sources, the biomass was marginal (4.66 g/ml) at lower concentration and it was highest at recommended dose of 2 g/l with maximum dry matter production of 6.70 g/l. However, there was reduction in biomass at highest concentration (2.5 g/l). The maximum biomass was recorded when the medium was supplemented with (NH4)SO4 (6.77 g) followed by NaNO3 (6.61 g/250 ml) and least with KNO3 (5.51 g/ml) (Table 13). Among the interaction, the highest biomass of 7.41 g/250 ml was recorded with (NH4)SO4 and lowest in NaNO3 which supported a total dry matter of 4.23 g/250 ml.
Table 8. Mortality caused by the isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Verticillium lecanii against Helicoverpa armigera and Brevicornia brassicae respectively Metarhizium anisopliae Verticillium lecanii Isolates Cumulative per cent mortality Ma1 83.21 c Ma2 87.50 b Ma3 62.28 g Ma4 74.84 f Vl1 94.50 a Vl2 78.32 e Vl3 83.50 d In vertical columns means followed by similar letters do not significantly different (p=0.05)
Page 1 and 2: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF E
Page 3 and 4: Chapter No. I INTRODUCTION C O N T
Page 5 and 6: Contd….. Table No. Title 14. Spor
Page 7 and 8: Contd….. Table No. Title 39. Per
Page 9 and 10: Plate No. LIST OF PLATES Title 1. M
Page 11 and 12: I.INTRODUCTION The increased use of
Page 13 and 14: II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The variou
Page 15 and 16: The entomopathogenic fungi so far i
Page 17 and 18: Table 1. Contd….. Sl. No. Insect
Page 19 and 20: Milner et al. (2002) studied the ef
Page 21 and 22: 25°C for sporulation and biomass p
Page 23 and 24: Pathogencity of various strains/iso
Page 25 and 26: Gopalkrishnan and Mohan (2000) test
Page 27 and 28: necessary serial dilutions under ph
Page 29 and 30: Sl. No. Table 2. Details of differe
Page 31 and 32: 3.9 EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FORMULA
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 1. Mycopathogens of insect pes
Page 35 and 36: Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
Page 37 and 38: Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
Page 39 and 40: Table 5. Contd….. Mycosis noticed
Page 41 and 42: Totally eight isolates of N. rileyi
Page 43 and 44: Metarhizium anisopliae Vertucillium
Page 45: Ma 1 (Dharwad) Ma2 (Dharwad) Ma 3 (
Page 49 and 50: Helicoverpa armigera Dimond Black M
Page 51 and 52: Plate 5. The moratality of Hlelicov
Page 53 and 54: Table 11. Total biomass production
Page 55 and 56: Table 12. Total biomass production
Page 57 and 58: Table 14. Sporulation of Metarhiziu
Page 59 and 60: Mean spore yield x 10 8 /g 25 20 15
Page 61 and 62: Among the non-grain substrates, the
Page 63 and 64: Mean spore yield x 10 4 /g 35 30 25
Page 65 and 66: Sl. No. Table 19. Effect of fungici
Page 67 and 68: Per cent inhibition 100 90 80 70 60
Page 69 and 70: Sl. No. Table 21. Effect of insecti
Page 71 and 72: Out of nine insecticides, endosulfa
Page 73 and 74: Sl. No. Table 23. Effect of weedici
Page 75 and 76: Days after storage Table 25. Persis
Page 77 and 78: Table 26. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 79 and 80: Table 28. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 81 and 82: Sl. No. Table 29. Survival of Metar
Page 83 and 84: Sl. No. Table 30. Survival of Metar
Page 85 and 86: Per cent germination 90 80 70 60 50
Page 87 and 88: Sl. No. Table 33. Survival of Verti
Page 93 and 94: 4.9 PATHOGENICITY OF Verticillium l
Page 95 and 96: Sl. No. Table 39. Per cent mortalit
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Culture grown on rice grains Harves
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Tr. No. Table 41. Per cent reductio
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Tr. No. Table 43. Per cent reductio
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The fungal spray at higher dosage (
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Table 46. Effect of wild types and
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The hyphal and conidial characters
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In an earlier experiment, bagasse w
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M. anisopliae exhibited rapid reduc
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higher mortality of aphids. The com
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14. Oil formulations proved better
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CHARNLEY, A.K. AND ST. LEGER, R.J.,
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IGNOFFO, C.M., MARSTON, N.L., HOSTE
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MULLER, E.J., 2000, Control of the
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ST LEGER, R.J., BUTT, T.M., STAPLES
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APPENDIX I Mean monthly weather dat
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Maharashtra Association for the Cul
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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF E
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