ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC ...

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4.11 EFFECT <strong>OF</strong> Verticillium lecanii APPLICATION ON Aphis crassivora UNDER FIELD CONDITION All the doses of the biopesticide were not significantly different from each other at 3 (DAA). Dimethoate recorded significantly highest mortality compared to other treatments. The mortality ranged from 11.55 per cent in the untreated check to 85.10 per cent at chemical treatment at 7 day of 3 rd spraying (Table 40). On comparison of the biopesticide concentration required to cause more than 50 per cent mortality, it was noticed that 1.2 x 10 12 and 1.2 x 10 10 required seven days after second and third spray respectively. The fungus weakly exhibited its pathogenicity at lowest concentration of 1.2 x 10 5 with maximum of 32.37 per cent after third spray. The fungus was more effective at higher concentration and high exposure period than lower concentration and low exposure period. After first application, all the doses of biopesticide were not significantly different from each other at 3 DAA. This trend continued even after 3 rd spray. However, dimethoate caused reduction of population to over one third to stand out as significantly superior. While the fungus required third application to cause more than 50 per cent mortality, it was noticed that 2 x 10 10 and 2 x 10 12 caused 57.03 and 61.80 per cent mortality after 7 DAA (Table 41). Verticillium lecanii even at the lowest dose was significantly superior to untreated control. There was no significant variation in nymphal population at three days after first spray when the mycopathogen was applied. Higher dosages of 2 x 10 10 and 2 x 10 12 performed at par but significantly superior to untreated control and lower dosage of V. lecanii. However, after third application, the fungal spray at higher dosage was significantly superior to lower dosage and the next best to consecutive spray was the succeeding dosage. Conversely, the lowest dose (T1) failed as badly as untreated check after the first spray (Table 42). The mortality where the mycopathogen was applied ranged from 10.74 per cent in the 3 DAS of first spray to 66.50 per cent at higher dosage at 7 days after second spray. Verticillium lecanii on Brevicornia brassicae Treatments were imposed in the experimental area after nymphal buildup was adequate. The mortality of the mycosed nymph was significantly high at the highest dose of spray (2 x 10 12 ) compared to rest of the concentrations. The mortality ranged from 10.50 per cent in the untreated check after second spray to 61.16 per cent at 2 x 10 12 conidia/ml. Nevertheless, dicofol proved to be the most effective after each spray causing more than 50 per cent mortality (Table 43). On comparison of concentration required to cause more than 50 per cent mortality, it was noticed 2 x 10 1 and 2 x 10 12 required seven days after third and second spray respectively. The fungus weakly exhibited its pathogenicity at lowest concentration of 1.2 x 10 5 with maximum of 31.48 per cent mortality after third spray. The mycopathogen lagged behind the chemical toxicants in lowering the pest population due to the spray, but picked upto at 7 days after spray to prove as good as chemical toxicants. However, the effectiveness of fungus was dose dependent. Activity of aphid, B. brassicae was uniform a day before spray. However, seven days after imposition of treatments, the number varied significantly. Toxicity of dicofol to the nymphal population revealed highest mortality of 78.78 per cent after seven days of third spray (Table 44).
Tr. No. Table 41. Per cent reduction of nymph of Brevicornia brassicae on cabbage due to Verticillium lecanii (Vl2) under field conditions Treatments I spray II spray III spray 3 DAA 7 DAA 14 DAA 3 DAA 7 DAA 14 DAA 3 DAA 7 DAA 14 DAA T 1 2 x 10 5 7.22 b 15.41 d 15.46 cd 11.67 de 17.52 f 19.78 d 12.16 cd 17.67 c 22.42 d T2 2 x 10 6 7.45 b 17.22 d 23.24 bc 13.46 cde 20.68 c 26.50 cd 12.50 cd 21.50 c 26.58 d T3 2 x 10 8 10.71 b 27.00 c 32.60 b 14.91 cd 25.08 d 34.08 bc 15.08 bcd 26.33 c 34.20 c T4 2 x 10 10 17.14 b 44.13 b 32.25 b 17.74 c 44.65 c 37.91 bc 19.83 bc 46.61 b 39.66 bc T5 2 x 10 12 17.03 b 45.32 b 30.37 b 23.3 b 50.65 b 41.55 b 28.58 b 52.25 b 43.83 b T6 Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1.7 ml/litre 51.93 a 67.16 a 46.19 a 55.70 a 75.48 a 60.33 a 64.91 a 78.78 a 67.12 a T 7 Untreated control 7.03 b 11.20 e 9.54 e 11.33 e 12.91 e 10.58 e 8.83 d 9.25 d 12.41 e DAA – Days after application In vertical columns means followed by similar letters do not significantly different (p=0.05)
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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF E
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Chapter No. I INTRODUCTION C O N T
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Contd….. Table No. Title 14. Spor
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Contd….. Table No. Title 39. Per
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Plate No. LIST OF PLATES Title 1. M
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I.INTRODUCTION The increased use of
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II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The variou
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The entomopathogenic fungi so far i
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Table 1. Contd….. Sl. No. Insect
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Milner et al. (2002) studied the ef
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25°C for sporulation and biomass p
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Pathogencity of various strains/iso
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Gopalkrishnan and Mohan (2000) test
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necessary serial dilutions under ph
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Sl. No. Table 2. Details of differe
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3.9 EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FORMULA
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Fig. 1. Mycopathogens of insect pes
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Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
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Table 5. Contd….. Month/s visited
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Table 5. Contd….. Mycosis noticed
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Totally eight isolates of N. rileyi
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Metarhizium anisopliae Vertucillium
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Ma 1 (Dharwad) Ma2 (Dharwad) Ma 3 (
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Page 49 and 50: Helicoverpa armigera Dimond Black M
Page 51 and 52: Plate 5. The moratality of Hlelicov
Page 53 and 54: Table 11. Total biomass production
Page 55 and 56: Table 12. Total biomass production
Page 57 and 58: Table 14. Sporulation of Metarhiziu
Page 59 and 60: Mean spore yield x 10 8 /g 25 20 15
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Page 63 and 64: Mean spore yield x 10 4 /g 35 30 25
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Page 67 and 68: Per cent inhibition 100 90 80 70 60
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Page 71 and 72: Out of nine insecticides, endosulfa
Page 73 and 74: Sl. No. Table 23. Effect of weedici
Page 75 and 76: Days after storage Table 25. Persis
Page 77 and 78: Table 26. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 79 and 80: Table 28. Survival of Metarhizium a
Page 81 and 82: Sl. No. Table 29. Survival of Metar
Page 83 and 84: Sl. No. Table 30. Survival of Metar
Page 85 and 86: Per cent germination 90 80 70 60 50
Page 87 and 88: Sl. No. Table 33. Survival of Verti
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Page 101 and 102: Tr. No. Table 43. Per cent reductio
Page 103 and 104: The fungal spray at higher dosage (
Page 105 and 106: Table 46. Effect of wild types and
Page 107 and 108: The hyphal and conidial characters
Page 109 and 110: In an earlier experiment, bagasse w
Page 111 and 112: M. anisopliae exhibited rapid reduc
Page 113 and 114: higher mortality of aphids. The com
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Page 117 and 118: CHARNLEY, A.K. AND ST. LEGER, R.J.,
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Page 121 and 122: MULLER, E.J., 2000, Control of the
Page 123 and 124: ST LEGER, R.J., BUTT, T.M., STAPLES
Page 125 and 126: APPENDIX I Mean monthly weather dat
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