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ange broad and narrow-ham systems (Collar et ol. [32], Venn et 01. [33], Esen et<br />
d. [34], Prandle [35]. Hemn et ol. [36]).<br />
This aforementioned HE ~ology was transferred to Canada in the early 1980'3<br />
as part <strong>of</strong> a t&<strong>be</strong>d pm- to study the feasibility <strong>of</strong> using HF radar for the wer-<br />
the-horizondetection<strong>of</strong> ice (Butt et 01. [3q, Butt andHickey 1381). The researchwas<br />
initiated by Dr. John Walsh <strong>of</strong> The Faculty <strong>of</strong> %neering at <strong>Memorial</strong> University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Newfoundland (MUN) and was comprised not ody d ice detection research. but<br />
aLFo research in the detection <strong>of</strong> ships, h-Bying ahaft, and o-ogrgrphic dace<br />
parameter phenomenon such as nurents and waves. The 61% use <strong>of</strong> thir new tech-<br />
nology for the purpose <strong>of</strong> e mnt surveillanee in Canada wss in the winter <strong>of</strong> 1983.<br />
Two stations, one situated at Cappabayden, Newfoundland (NF), and the other at<br />
Cape Race, NF, were used to eoUect HF radar data b m the iee-infested mtea <strong>of</strong>f<br />
the Ballard Bank. The sumeeaful initial trial was the Lst instance whereby current<br />
maps w e obtained from radar data that was contaminated by ice refieetions<br />
(Butt et oL 1371). Many mare successful trials followed and the system wa5 eontin-<br />
"ally upgraded throughout the 1980's to help &date Walsh's models, via ice, ship.<br />
wave, and current trials, using various narrow- and broad-<strong>be</strong>am receiving antenna<br />
configurations (W&h et ol. [39], GU and Walsh 161, W&h and Srivastava [40]).<br />
In the late 1980's the research &rt in this area, at MUN, was at a matvie<br />
stage. A local compaoy, Northern Radar Systems Limited (NRSL), was formed to<br />
commercialize the reulta fmm the previous ten years d resea&. The hrst project<br />
for this new company was the complete eomtruction <strong>of</strong> a multi-purpose, Long range.<br />
shore based gmund wave radar system at Cape Race, NF. This steerable narrow-<br />
<strong>be</strong>am system wss deigned to provide continuous surveillance <strong>of</strong> a 120' sector <strong>of</strong> ocean<br />
encompassing the greater Gcand B&, induding the Hi<strong>be</strong>rnia and Terra Nm ail<br />
fields, out to a madmum range <strong>of</strong> 400 b.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the iatended data products b m this new lo~-rangesystern is the pzodue-