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ange broad and narrow-ham systems (Collar et ol. [32], Venn et 01. [33], Esen et d. [34], Prandle [35]. Hemn et ol. [36]). This aforementioned HE ~ology was transferred to Canada in the early 1980'3 as part of a t&bed pm- to study the feasibility of using HF radar for the wer- the-horizondetectionof ice (Butt et 01. [3q, Butt andHickey 1381). The researchwas initiated by Dr. John Walsh of The Faculty of %neering at Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) and was comprised not ody d ice detection research. but aLFo research in the detection of ships, h-Bying ahaft, and o-ogrgrphic dace parameter phenomenon such as nurents and waves. The 61% use of thir new tech- nology for the purpose of e mnt surveillanee in Canada wss in the winter of 1983. Two stations, one situated at Cappabayden, Newfoundland (NF), and the other at Cape Race, NF, were used to eoUect HF radar data b m the iee-infested mtea off the Ballard Bank. The sumeeaful initial trial was the Lst instance whereby current maps w e obtained from radar data that was contaminated by ice refieetions (Butt et oL 1371). Many mare successful trials followed and the system wa5 eontin- "ally upgraded throughout the 1980's to help &date Walsh's models, via ice, ship. wave, and current trials, using various narrow- and broad-beam receiving antenna configurations (W&h et ol. [39], GU and Walsh 161, W&h and Srivastava [40]). In the late 1980's the research &rt in this area, at MUN, was at a matvie stage. A local compaoy, Northern Radar Systems Limited (NRSL), was formed to commercialize the reulta fmm the previous ten years d resea&. The hrst project for this new company was the complete eomtruction of a multi-purpose, Long range. shore based gmund wave radar system at Cape Race, NF. This steerable narrow- beam system wss deigned to provide continuous surveillance of a 120' sector of ocean encompassing the greater Gcand B&, induding the Hibernia and Terra Nm ail fields, out to a madmum range of 400 b. One of the iatended data products b m this new lo~-rangesystern is the pzodue-
tioo of merit maps. However, it is nee- to demonstrate that a single long-mnge station can pmvide adequate radial current estimates. One of the goah of this thesis is to report on this capability, since experimental d t s from such an exercise are not documented in the literature. As well, the new drifters I& in the experiment are minimally iduend by wind, which har deeted other part radarjdriRer com- parisons using short-mge bmad-beam systems. Therefore, a unique opportunity is now available to present a more r&tie comparison between the eurrent components hom both techniques. Testation vector current mapping is aLw plausible provided other stations are built which are strategically located to shere a common coverage zme. The suc~sful demonstration of this capability would permit the radar to map the total current &or field. For example, the dats kom Cape Race could be mupled with data from a system at Cape Bonavista to routinely map the currents on the Grand Banks. This reglon, which b already horn a~ one of the world's best fishing grouods, b now bang developed because d its rich oil rere-. Reliable and timely surface current data 1s certainly usehl For further ofihore development planning. However, surface c~reot data in this r@on is sparee and has typically b- mnfined to -rent meter records at points of drilling activity. Smee there are no detailed current remrds from this area, the radar data wodd provide valuable information in the study OF the physical oeeaooqaphy of the &e layer of the Grand Banks. This is even more mmpelling considering the recent muapse of the eod sta* and the apparent iack of understanding of the relationship of currents to this problem. Since two stations are nody required to estimate vector currents, the faeility at Cape Race provides an opportunity to test the feasibility of using a sge-station, long-range radar to remotely estimate the total went field. This has not been documented in the literature for a long-range system. Inwstigations io this area have been confined oniy to one short-rage srjtem (Lipa and Barrick [17]). However.
Page 1: CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOT
Page 6 and 7: Abstract Esrlm=r#oo of ocean surf-
Page 8 and 9: Acknowledgements Quite a number of
Page 10 and 11: Contents Abstract List of Figures L
Page 12 and 13: 5.2 Direct Radial Surface Current C
Page 14 and 15: 3.4 System architecture of Cape Rae
Page 16 and 17: List of Tables 5.1 Summary of stati
Page 18 and 19: List of Symbols d : Distance irom r
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 Introduction The monitori
Page 22 and 23: southward. In t k example the same
Page 24 and 25: 1.2 Conventional Methods for Measur
Page 26 and 27: iceberg motion, a better relationsh
Page 28 and 29: magnitude of the radid component is
Page 30 and 31: Rice 1241, Barrick [I] developed an
Page 34 and 35: the shon-r- radar is quite diEerent
Page 36 and 37: of a chapter. Thig dso provides an
Page 38 and 39: 2.2 Radial Surface Currents 2.2.1 T
Page 40 and 41: Figure 2.1: Radw Spectrum (solid li
Page 42 and 43: intervals of Ar and A.9, where thee
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2.3: Wan Q is mbdivided into
Page 46 and 47: The abwe system of equations is swe
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 3 Experimental Data 3.1 Int
Page 50 and 51: e built at other eoastd sites such
Page 52 and 53: Since the mean currents within mast
Page 54 and 55: Figure 3.4: System architecture of
Page 56 and 57: spatid variability and to check sys
Page 58 and 59: oth of these techniques ean then be
Page 60 and 61: the dominant, or 9-, peaks of the s
Page 62 and 63: modelled, since they are known quan
Page 64 and 65: Sine the drifter estimates m e mnst
Page 66 and 67: 4.6.2 Selection of Algorithmn Param
Page 68 and 69: subtended by the b- increases in sb
Page 70 and 71: simplib the analysis by converting
Page 72 and 73: for then beams is therefore 3, 5 an
Page 74 and 75: with the graphs are from a linear r
Page 76 and 77: Fiere 5.2: Scattergrams of radid su
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.2 that the SNR eases of 10
Page 80 and 81: m-ments deliwred by radar and buoys
Page 82 and 83:
Figure 5.6: Scattergrams of simulat
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 5.7: Scattergrams of -tor me
Page 86 and 87:
size. In other words, the algorithm
Page 88 and 89:
tem, which is a programmable fsture
Page 90 and 91:
Radii vetocify [cws) - Radar Figure
Page 92 and 93:
ocean surface m nts where the curre
Page 94 and 95:
Chapter 6 Conclusions 6.1 Direct Ra
Page 96 and 97:
gential component estimate, wen wit
Page 98 and 99:
One of the goals of this thesis has
Page 100 and 101:
Future work dl also deal with the f
Page 102 and 103:
[I4 D. Diemand, E. Faemer, and J. B
Page 104 and 105:
(461 D. Barriek, M. Evans, and B. W
Page 106 and 107:
DATE (LOCAL) EVENT Comments shorn 6
Page 108 and 109:
TIME - DATE (LOCAL) EVENT Comments
Page 110 and 111:
The tape was mated by using the DEC
Page 112 and 113:
Where DATLOG - Array of 32x3 bytes
Page 114 and 115:
Appendix C Catalogue of the NRSL Ra
Page 116 and 117:
Date (1992) 11/11 12/11 13/11 14/11
Page 118 and 119:
Time I FFT 1 - Date 01/11/92 02/11/
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