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Chapter 3 Experimental Data 3.1 Introduction The prime objective of thia Raesnb is to investigate the surface went sensing capabilities of a long-range, singlastation, HF GWK This has been documented with tw-station, short-range HF installations, as described in the Literature review of Chap- 1. However, it ha. not been documented using a single Long-range system. A single long-range station, for example, with a range and azimuthal coverage of approximately 250 Irm and 120D, hss the potential to map an ma of apprdmhtely 66,000 square kilometers. Therefore, agencies respooslhle for monitoring the exelusive economic zozoes of coastal nations may hod data products from such a system to be extremely informative, timely, and emt-effetive. As a renult of shrinkhg national budgets for such semi-, joint venturer involving many nations have evolved. For example, the experiment upon which this thesis is bssed was part of a larger study by the Canadian sod U.S. Coast Guards, a. well s~ the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DM)). Their primary goal is to improw the drln predictions of search and rescue models. Presently the search and reme models la& adequate surface current data for the estimation of Jearch regions. Therefore, the information provlded by a HF system muld enhance the vsefulners of theae models. Another objective of HE radar experiments is for hheries r-ch since o-ts play amleinnutrient tr-port. The DFO- interested in theabilityofHF GWRto
estimate ocean surface axrents since the late 1980's when a portable HF system anu deployed to map currents in Conception Bay, NF. This system, the CODAR which w introduced in Chapter 1, consists of two stations which memure the components of the surface current Beld radial kom each station to a range of approximately 30 km in polar increments of 1.2 km and 5O. In this was the -tor eurwt &Id may be calculated fmm strictly geometric considerations by using the radid current pids produced fmm each station (Barrik cf a1[46]). Since surface eurrene play a major roie in the dispersion or 'flmhing out' of fish larwie contained in these inlets, this system auld provide a clears picture, both temporally and spatially, of the current circulation patterns which DFU bad di5eulty in obtambg via in dtt methods. DFO was only capable of monitoring Eulerian ments and a few Lagra.gian measure ments with &drifters. This was a wry time consuming exercise thst provlded sparse current vectors as compared to the radar technique. which could provide a map of the CircuLation patteras an an hourly basis. Since many of the standard instruments, such as current meten, must be deployed to obtam the memurement scale that DFO required, the CODAR system w a ideally suited for their data requirements. For example, a gtid of current data could he constructed with a resolut~on of appmxhe.tely 1.2 km wer a 2000 square km zone. The DFO m & interested in the -rent pattern over the Grand Banks since these currents &ct nutrient circulation in this rich fishing zone. Since the portable system d~d not haw the capability for these long range measurements, an alternative system was needed. This new system anu built in 1990 at Cape Race, by NRSL. 6om local gownment and inwstor hmding. It was designed primarily as a ship detection radar system but it was & capable of mapping currents. The radar has been demonttrated to have a nominal range of 200 km over a 120' %tor, which entailed a large portion of the the Grand B ah. Even though this system could measure only the radial components of the current fieid it was envisioned that other systems would
Page 1: CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOT
Page 6 and 7: Abstract Esrlm=r#oo of ocean surf-
Page 8 and 9: Acknowledgements Quite a number of
Page 10 and 11: Contents Abstract List of Figures L
Page 12 and 13: 5.2 Direct Radial Surface Current C
Page 14 and 15: 3.4 System architecture of Cape Rae
Page 16 and 17: List of Tables 5.1 Summary of stati
Page 18 and 19: List of Symbols d : Distance irom r
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 Introduction The monitori
Page 22 and 23: southward. In t k example the same
Page 24 and 25: 1.2 Conventional Methods for Measur
Page 26 and 27: iceberg motion, a better relationsh
Page 28 and 29: magnitude of the radid component is
Page 30 and 31: Rice 1241, Barrick [I] developed an
Page 32 and 33: ange broad and narrow-ham systems (
Page 34 and 35: the shon-r- radar is quite diEerent
Page 36 and 37: of a chapter. Thig dso provides an
Page 38 and 39: 2.2 Radial Surface Currents 2.2.1 T
Page 40 and 41: Figure 2.1: Radw Spectrum (solid li
Page 42 and 43: intervals of Ar and A.9, where thee
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2.3: Wan Q is mbdivided into
Page 46 and 47: The abwe system of equations is swe
Page 50 and 51: e built at other eoastd sites such
Page 52 and 53: Since the mean currents within mast
Page 54 and 55: Figure 3.4: System architecture of
Page 56 and 57: spatid variability and to check sys
Page 58 and 59: oth of these techniques ean then be
Page 60 and 61: the dominant, or 9-, peaks of the s
Page 62 and 63: modelled, since they are known quan
Page 64 and 65: Sine the drifter estimates m e mnst
Page 66 and 67: 4.6.2 Selection of Algorithmn Param
Page 68 and 69: subtended by the b- increases in sb
Page 70 and 71: simplib the analysis by converting
Page 72 and 73: for then beams is therefore 3, 5 an
Page 74 and 75: with the graphs are from a linear r
Page 76 and 77: Fiere 5.2: Scattergrams of radid su
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.2 that the SNR eases of 10
Page 80 and 81: m-ments deliwred by radar and buoys
Page 82 and 83: Figure 5.6: Scattergrams of simulat
Page 84 and 85: Figure 5.7: Scattergrams of -tor me
Page 86 and 87: size. In other words, the algorithm
Page 88 and 89: tem, which is a programmable fsture
Page 90 and 91: Radii vetocify [cws) - Radar Figure
Page 92 and 93: ocean surface m nts where the curre
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 6 Conclusions 6.1 Direct Ra
Page 96 and 97: gential component estimate, wen wit
Page 98 and 99:
One of the goals of this thesis has
Page 100 and 101:
Future work dl also deal with the f
Page 102 and 103:
[I4 D. Diemand, E. Faemer, and J. B
Page 104 and 105:
(461 D. Barriek, M. Evans, and B. W
Page 106 and 107:
DATE (LOCAL) EVENT Comments shorn 6
Page 108 and 109:
TIME - DATE (LOCAL) EVENT Comments
Page 110 and 111:
The tape was mated by using the DEC
Page 112 and 113:
Where DATLOG - Array of 32x3 bytes
Page 114 and 115:
Appendix C Catalogue of the NRSL Ra
Page 116 and 117:
Date (1992) 11/11 12/11 13/11 14/11
Page 118 and 119:
Time I FFT 1 - Date 01/11/92 02/11/
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