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the shon-r- radar is quite diEerent from the Cape Race fmiity in that it uses a ermed-loop antetee. system for broad-beam reeption. Lipa and Barrick 1171 formulated an expression for the radial ewent components as a Linear hmunetion of the current magnitude and a non-linear function of direnion. To solve there functions, a closed-form solution is used to estimate the -rent magnitude while the non-linear portion of the formulation e linearized and treated to a least sqvares solution. Erron using thia formulation were found to range from 4 to 20 -1s in magnitude and 12- to 30' in angle. Horn, there no sea truthing for the renrlts presented and consequently the above error statements could not be validated. Another technique using a single station radar for War current estimation is the spaced antenna (SA) technique which has been used for atmospheric radm in the determination of wind velocities sine 1950 (Brigp et of. 1411). In 1989, this method was applied to a singlestation shorLrange, narrow-beam, HE system for nurent mesuremeats (May [42]). In that method, it can be sboam that the bdcattered electric field is translated aerass the receiving antenna syjtem at a velocity of 2V where V is the tangential current velocity in the scattering area. Therefore, the cr- correlation hetion of the signal detected by two aatenna separated by a dintam d will have a peak at a time lag of d/2V. This technique could not be implemented using the experimental data in this thesri became the raw data was irreversibly proceased to yield radial current maps. Hawever, the radar could be m-ed to test such a technique by processing the baseband signal in the above m er. For this care, the oridnal Linesr array would need ta be partitioned into two subarrays. In aoy event, there is no evidence in the literature of any sea-truthing experiments which could verify this method.
1.5 Scope of Thesis The purpme of this thesis is twofold. The &-st objectwe is to validate the ability of the Cape Rae radar to monitor the radial current 6eld. This system is the &st of its kind in North America and it was not svbjsted to any previom validation experiments in this area. Hence, the need for an investiffatin of this kind is imper- ative to test and further promote the technique. The second objective is to examine the passihility of using the radial data to estimate total nurent vectors. This has not been prwiously attempted using a long-range -em. Therefore, an experiment of this nature pmvide. a valuable dataset for testing algorithmme to promote this capability. In the -tor current method presented in this thesis, the radial components are formulated as a system of linear equations which were derived directly from the tem geometry. The u n l m in ~ this system are the current components which can be determined from a closed-form solution using a simple re-on analysis. This alleviates the errors introduced in linearizing the system of equations derived by the method presented in Lipa and Barrick [17]. The end result is a much simpler proea dure which can be esrily implemented as a real-time software module in a practical radar sptem. The general techaiques used to pro- the radar data are d-ibed in Chapter 2. The elanrid technique used to spectrally analyze the radar data will be summarized, with a description of the current estimation method med to yield the radial nurents. This will be followed by the formulation of the vector current aigarithmn and its soiution. The experiment is discussed in Chapter 3. Normally, this would be dealt with as an appendix. H-wr, since this is essentially an experimental thesis where the data for mod4 validation was provided by the Northern Radar Cape Race facility from October 20 to November 21, 1992, it is felt that a description of the same is deserving 16
Page 1: CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOT
Page 6 and 7: Abstract Esrlm=r#oo of ocean surf-
Page 8 and 9: Acknowledgements Quite a number of
Page 10 and 11: Contents Abstract List of Figures L
Page 12 and 13: 5.2 Direct Radial Surface Current C
Page 14 and 15: 3.4 System architecture of Cape Rae
Page 16 and 17: List of Tables 5.1 Summary of stati
Page 18 and 19: List of Symbols d : Distance irom r
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 Introduction The monitori
Page 22 and 23: southward. In t k example the same
Page 24 and 25: 1.2 Conventional Methods for Measur
Page 26 and 27: iceberg motion, a better relationsh
Page 28 and 29: magnitude of the radid component is
Page 30 and 31: Rice 1241, Barrick [I] developed an
Page 32 and 33: ange broad and narrow-ham systems (
Page 36 and 37: of a chapter. Thig dso provides an
Page 38 and 39: 2.2 Radial Surface Currents 2.2.1 T
Page 40 and 41: Figure 2.1: Radw Spectrum (solid li
Page 42 and 43: intervals of Ar and A.9, where thee
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2.3: Wan Q is mbdivided into
Page 46 and 47: The abwe system of equations is swe
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 3 Experimental Data 3.1 Int
Page 50 and 51: e built at other eoastd sites such
Page 52 and 53: Since the mean currents within mast
Page 54 and 55: Figure 3.4: System architecture of
Page 56 and 57: spatid variability and to check sys
Page 58 and 59: oth of these techniques ean then be
Page 60 and 61: the dominant, or 9-, peaks of the s
Page 62 and 63: modelled, since they are known quan
Page 64 and 65: Sine the drifter estimates m e mnst
Page 66 and 67: 4.6.2 Selection of Algorithmn Param
Page 68 and 69: subtended by the b- increases in sb
Page 70 and 71: simplib the analysis by converting
Page 72 and 73: for then beams is therefore 3, 5 an
Page 74 and 75: with the graphs are from a linear r
Page 76 and 77: Fiere 5.2: Scattergrams of radid su
Page 78 and 79: Table 5.2 that the SNR eases of 10
Page 80 and 81: m-ments deliwred by radar and buoys
Page 82 and 83: Figure 5.6: Scattergrams of simulat
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 5.7: Scattergrams of -tor me
Page 86 and 87:
size. In other words, the algorithm
Page 88 and 89:
tem, which is a programmable fsture
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Radii vetocify [cws) - Radar Figure
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ocean surface m nts where the curre
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Chapter 6 Conclusions 6.1 Direct Ra
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gential component estimate, wen wit
Page 98 and 99:
One of the goals of this thesis has
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Future work dl also deal with the f
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[I4 D. Diemand, E. Faemer, and J. B
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(461 D. Barriek, M. Evans, and B. W
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DATE (LOCAL) EVENT Comments shorn 6
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TIME - DATE (LOCAL) EVENT Comments
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The tape was mated by using the DEC
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Where DATLOG - Array of 32x3 bytes
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Appendix C Catalogue of the NRSL Ra
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Date (1992) 11/11 12/11 13/11 14/11
Page 118 and 119:
Time I FFT 1 - Date 01/11/92 02/11/
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