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of Antioch, but eventually Bohemond of Apulia, son of Robert "Guiscard" Duke of
Apulia, remained in possession and declared himself prince.
Prince Bohemond enlarged the territory of his principality by acquiring Edessa and
cities in the emirate of Aleppo. However, his son died without male heirs, leaving
the principality of Antioch to his infant daughter. Her descendants by her first
marriage to Raymond de Poitiers continued to rule as princes of Antioch. However,
when Prince Bohemond III was held captive by the Armenian ruler Lewon II in the
late 1190s, rule over the city was assumed by a citizens' commune. The Armenians
captured Antioch again in 1216, but Prince Bohemond IV regained control three
years later. His successor Prince Bohémond V was obliged to reside at Tripoli from
his accession in 1233, as the commune reasserted control over Antioch. The city
was captured by the Mameluks in 1268, although the princes of Antioch continued
to rule in Tripoli until 1288.
Prince and titular Princes of Antioch
The "Prince of Antioch" was the title given to Norman rulers of the region around
Antioch, now known as Antakya in Turkey. While the Princes originally came from
the County of Sicily, subsequently known as the Kingdom of Sicily in Southern
Italy, Bohemond IV of Antioch also came into possession of the County of Tripoli,
combining the two Crusader states for the rest of their histories. Antioch had been
the chief city of the region since the time of the Roman Empire. When the Mamluk
Sultanate of Egypt drove out the Knights in 1268, they largely destroyed the city to
deny access in the event the crusaders returned.
First Crusade
Pope Urban II (1088-1099) was responsible for assisting
Emperor Alexus I (1081-1118) of Constantinople in
launching the first crusade. He made one of the most
influential speeches in the Middle Ages, calling on
Christian princes in Europe to go on a crusade to rescue
the Holy Land from the Turks. In the speech given at the
Council of Clermont in France, on November 27, 1095, he
combined the ideas of making a pilgrimage to the Holy
Land with that of waging a holy war against infidels.
"Deus vult! (God wills it) became the battle cry of the Crusader.
"The day after Urban's speech, the Council formally granted all the privileges and
protections Urban had promised. The red cross was taken as the official sign of the
pilgrims, and Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy was chosen as papal legate and the
spiritual leader of the expedition."
The Hohenstaufen Dynasty - Page 111 of 200