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institution. Through much of the 14th century there were two Popes, one in Rome and one in exile at Avignon. By 1418 there were no fewer than three competing Popes; and a century later, Martin Luther began the Reformation. The Sicilian Vespers also provides much of the background to Dante’s Inferno. The economic disasters of 14th-century Europe, culminating in the Black Death of 1347-50, hit Sicily particularly hard. In 1377 all authority collapsed, and after a quarter-century of more bitter wars, the island’s independent status ended. In 1412 it was incorporated as a province of the kingdom of Aragon, under a viceroy. The conquest In 1035, William "the Iron-Arm" and Drogo, sons of Tancred of Hauteville, a petty noble in Normandy, arrived in South Italy. The two joined in the organized attempt to wrest Apulia from the Greeks, who by 1040 had lost most of that province. In 1042 Melfi was chosen as the Norman capital, and in September of that year the Normans elected William as their count, who was succeeded in turn by his brothers Drogo, and Humphrey, who arrived about 1044. In 1047 Robert "the Guiscard" (+1085), the sixth son of Tancred of Hauteville, arrived in Italy. In 1057, Robert, succeeded Humphrey as Count of Apulia and, in company with Roger (+1101), his youngest brother, carried on the conquest of Apulia and Calabria. In 1061, Robert and Roger invaded Sicily and captured Messina. In January 1072, Robert "the Guiscard", as suzerain, invested his brother Roger I as Count of Sicily. Roger II (+1154), a son of Roger, who became Count of Sicily in 1105, and Duke of Apulia in 1127, united all the Norman conquests, and, in 1130, was declared the first King of Sicily. The new Kingdom included the Island of Sicily and the Southern Italy. In 1266, Charles, Count of Anjou, brother of King Louis IX of France, defeated Manfred, King of Sicily, and took his Kingdom In 1282, the Sicilians revolted against the administration of King Charles I ("the Sicilian Vespers revolt"). Soon after the revolt, the Sicilians turned to Peter III, King of Aragon, and the husband of Manfred’s daughter, who became King of Sicily. The Kingdom of Sicily became divided, the mainland portion remained in the hands of Charles I, and Peter III's domain extended only to the Island of Sicily itself. Charles I and his successors continued to use the title of "King of Sicily", although their Kingdom became known as the Kingdom of Naples after its capital. The Hohenstaufen Dynasty - Page 140 of 200
The Kingdom of Sicily (Italian: Regno di Sicilia, commonly abbreviated Regno) was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II in 1130 until 1816. It was a successor state of the County of Sicily, which had been founded in 1071 during the Norman conquest of southern Italy. The Kingdom covered not only the island of Sicily itself, but also the whole Mezzogiorno region of southern Italy and the Maltese archipelago. The island was divided into three regions; Val di Mazara, Val Demone and Val di Noto. It was sometimes called the regnum Apuliae et Siciliae until 1282. In 1282 a revolt against the Angevin rule, known as the Sicilian Vespers threw off Charles of Anjou's rule of the island of Sicily. The Angevins managed to maintain control in the mainland areas of the kingdom, which eventually became known as the Kingdom of Naples, after its capital. The island became a separate kingdom, under the rule of a Catalan dynasty that ruled over the kingdom of Aragon. After 1302 the island kingdom was sometimes called the Kingdom of Trinacria (the English equivalent word of Trinacria is the Triangle). Often the kingship was vested in another monarch such as the King of Aragon, the King of Spain or the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1816 the Kingdom of Sicily merged with Kingdom of Naples into the newly created Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. In 1861 its areas were united with the Kingdom of Italy. Norman Kingdom The Norman Kingdom was created in 1130 by Roger II of Sicily. Roger united the lands he inherited from his father Roger I of Sicily. These areas included the Duchy of Apulia and the County of Sicily, which belonged to his cousin William II, Duke of Apulia, until his death in 1127, and the other Norman vassals. Roger threw his support behind the Antipope Anacletus II, who enthroned him King of Sicily on Christmas Day 1130. (Left: Roger I 1071–1101. Birth 1031son of Tancred of Hauteville and Fredisenda) In 1136, the rival of Anacletus, Pope Innocent II, convinced Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor to attack the Kingdom of Sicily with help from the Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus. Two main armies, one led by Lothair, the other by Duke of Bavaria Henry the Proud, invaded Sicily. On the river Tronto, William of Loritello surrendered to Lothair and opened the gates of Termoli to him. This was followed by Count Hugh II of Molise. The two armies were united at Bari, from where in 1137 they continued their campaign. Roger The Hohenstaufen Dynasty - Page 141 of 200
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The Hohenstaufen Dynasty - Page 1 o
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FOR THE DEFENSE OF TRADITION, FAMIL
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only America, but modern civilizati
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To us about the origin of forefathe
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PREFACE The House of Hohenstaufen,
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dimension; yet it also had a more r
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would seem to be supported by histo
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The Antichrist ....................
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FREDERICK OF ANTIOCH ..............
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BRIEF HISTORY OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMP
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over the centuries. For one, the du
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BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GUELPHS AND GH
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eing the Italian forms of "Welf" an
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Naples remained the chief power in
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FREDERICK I, DUKE OF SWABIA (Hohens
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efused to acknowledge the new king,
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1142. At Christmas, 1146, Conrad wa
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The German princes refused to give
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defeating the Turks in the Battle o
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HENRY VI HOHENSTAUFEN, HOLY ROMAN E
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Würzburg (April 1196) a majority v
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which makes him forget all his eart
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himself. This reacquisition of Jeru
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duty to return the original and leg
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fled in the midst of the winter. It
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He loved Sicily and its capital Pal
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eceived from the Emperor a confirma
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as a child ended in 1220 when he wa
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"provided with a harem guarded by e
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Conrad IV (25 April 1228 - 21 May 1
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Mistresses and illegitimate issue
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Berardo Castagna, or Castacca (XII
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Padua, which resisted, and Brescia,
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The portrait of Frederick II (Pictu
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omance flourished. Then the Inquisi
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Universal power In the Middle Ages,
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Onorio III Honorius III (Latin: Hon
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elatives were waiting for him at th
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to him at all, for Europe has alway
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suspicions being aroused by the dem
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His second wife, Helena, lived five
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speedily executed with his friends
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princes. The German king has become
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Duke of Swabia Family Tree The Hohe
Page 89 and 90: and daughter Philippa, born around
Page 91 and 92: wife Isabella of England (1235-1241
Page 93 and 94: The Hohenstaufen Dynasty - Page 93
Page 95 and 96: Both The Hospitallers and the Templ
Page 97 and 98: Henry VI had turned his attention t
Page 99 and 100: taken by fever, the soldiers died l
Page 101 and 102: Hermann von Salza Hermann von Salza
Page 103 and 104: 1263, when the pope allowed the kni
Page 105 and 106: to the defense of Acre. The surroun
Page 107 and 108: In 1835 elected to the Order Grand
Page 109 and 110: THE ANTIOCH HISTORY Antioch on the
Page 111 and 112: of Antioch, but eventually Bohemond
Page 113 and 114: and Teutonic Knights. In 1217 Frede
Page 115 and 116: and 16 legitimate children (mostly
Page 117 and 118: PRINCIPALITY OF ANTIOCH The Princip
Page 119 and 120: The Dynasty of Frederick of Antioch
Page 121 and 122: In the city of Cremona in 1245, Emp
Page 125 and 126: MARIA of Antioch (-after 10 Dec 130
Page 127 and 128: The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum
Page 129 and 130: Jerusalem (1225-1228) there is a ga
Page 131 and 132: during his vicariate that he ventur
Page 133 and 134: After the end of the kingdom, Henry
Page 137 and 138: Frederick's sarcophagus in the Cath
Page 139: of feudalism, though. The Normans h
Page 143 and 144: Through Constance, the Hauteville b
Page 145 and 146: (Above: Manfred 1258-1266 Birth 123
Page 147 and 148: The two kingdoms under the house of
Page 149 and 150: Overview Kingdom of Naples, former
Page 151 and 152: favor of Ferdinand (Charles's eldes
Page 153 and 154: King Manfred had married his daught
Page 155 and 156: This single event led to the massac
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Page 159 and 160: The Angevin monarch made to blind t
Page 161 and 162: According to Jerónimo Zurita 6 , i
Page 163 and 164: Charles the Zoppo (Lame) was made p
Page 165 and 166: control. Charles was Count of Prove
Page 167 and 168: Saint Luis Day in Sicily Born in 12
Page 169 and 170: two kingdoms during his rule. He ga
Page 171 and 172: first-born Corrado "was born after
Page 173 and 174: general and Italy of Frederick II (
Page 175 and 176: Again we see in ¨ Collection of al
Page 177 and 178: elements that hatred in part, forme
Page 179 and 180: These initiatives pacification by t
Page 181 and 182: Castle of Saracinesco. There are on
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Page 185 and 186: a decade, on September 12 in Genazz
Page 187 and 188: Hohenstaufen from the Imperial and
Page 189 and 190: addressed to Padovani. It states th
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acquitted, Corrado of Antioch died
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Societá Romana di Storia Patria”
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The Hohenstaufen Dynasty - Page 195
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Bibliography - Archivi di Stato di
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- Luigi Mendola: DISTINGUISHING CHA
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