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The First Crusade was the most successful from a military point of view. Accounts
of this action are shocking. For example, historian Raymond of Agiles described the
capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders in 1099:
Some of our men cut off the heads of their enemies; others shot them with arrows,
so that they fell from the towers; others tortured them longer by casting them into
the flames. Piles of heads, hands and feet were to be seen in the streets of the city.
It was necessary to pick one's way over the bodies of men and horses. But these
were small matters compared to what happened at the temple of Solomon, a place
where religious services ware ordinarily chanted. What happened there? If I tell
the truth, it will exceed your powers of belief. So let it suffice to say this much at
least, that in the temple and portico of Solomon, men rode in blood up to their
knees and bridle reins.
Some of the results of the first crusade were not expected. Alexus I thought that the
Byzantine territories would be returned to him and the Eastern Empire, but instead
the European conquerors established four independent Latin kingdoms. In
addition, three military orders Hospitallers, Templars, and Teutonic Knights came
into power. The stated purpose of these orders was to protect pilgrims and holy
sites.
Early in their occupation of Mideastern
lands, crusaders founded military orders
of knighthood. First, the Templars wearing
red crosses on white, founded in 1191 to
protect pilgrims. Soon after, The
Hospitallers wearing white crosses on
black, attached to the ancient Hospital of
St. John of Jerusalem. Later, as a "breakaway
group" from The Hospittalers, was
formed the Teutonic Knights wearing black
crosses on white, with headquarters in
Acre, port city of Haifa, now the Israeli Northern Capitol.
The Teutonic Order was founded in 1190 during the siege of Acre, when a hospital
brotherhood was established to care for the many sick German crusaders. It was
given a building after the conquest of the city, and in 1198 was turned into a
military-monastic order on the model of the Hospitallers of Saint John and the
Templars. This creation reflected the growing involvement of
the Hohenstaufen dynasty in the Holy Land.
Teutonic Knights side with Hospitallers and barons in Acre against the Templars in
1209 which becomes the origin of long-standing opposition between the Templars
The Hohenstaufen Dynasty - Page 112 of 200