a study of the quality of a local herbal tea and volatiles of parinari ...

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Table 4.2: Volatile constituents of F. ancylantha tea extracted using hydrodistillation and solvent extraction from the hydrosol RI Compounds Total number of compounds 1212 2-Hexanal 1333 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 1457 Furfural 1492 2,4-Heptadienal 1534 Benzaldehyde 1570 5-Methyl furfural 1637 Safranal* 1937 β-Ionone 1989 β-Ionone epoxide 1849 Geranyl acetone 2190 3.4-Dimethyl-5-pentyl-5H-furan-2-one Total carbonyls 11 1376 3-Hexanol 1395 2-Butoxy ethanol 1441 Trans Linalool oxide 1471 Cis Linalool oxide 1541 Linalool 1701 α-Terpineol 1822 Geraniol 1885 Benzyl alcohol 1903 Phenyl ethyl alcohol 1993 Phenol 2041 Nerolidol 2077 Cresol 2188 Eugenol Total alcohols 13 1653 Methyl salicylate 1893 Geranyl butyrate 2359 Dihydroactinidiolide Total Esters 3 Total number of compounds 27 *, identified using MS 58
Using the hydrodistillation and solvent extraction method, 16 compounds were obtained (Table 4.3). It is evident that the relative number of class of compounds identified were; alcohols (41.7 %), carbonyls (25 %), total fatty acids (16.7 %), sesquiterpenes (8.3 %) and diterpenes (8.3 %). Thus, alcohols remained the most dominant class of compounds. Table 4.3: Volatile constituents of F. ancylantha tea extracted using the hydrodistillation and solvent extraction method RI Compounds Total number of compounds 1849 Geranyl acetone 1937 β-Ionone 2117 6,10,14-Trimethyl pentadecan-2-one Carbonyls 3 1541 Linalool 1822 Geraniol 1954 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol 2288 Isophytol 2615 Phytol Alcohols 5 2028 2-epi (E)-β-caryophyllene Sesquiterpenes 1 1980 Neophytadiene Diterpenes 1 2225 Methyl palmitate 2559 Methyl linolenate Fatty acid esters 2 Total number of compounds 12 59
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A STUDY OF THE QUALITY OF A LOCAL H
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DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE I the
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DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis t
Page 7 and 8:
ABSTRACT This study concerned the q
Page 9 and 10:
TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION BY TH
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2.6.5 F. ancylantha Schweinf ......
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3.10.1 GC and GC-MS conditions for
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Quality p
Page 17 and 18:
1.1 Background CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCT
Page 19 and 20:
Considering the benefits associated
Page 21 and 22:
A local herbal tea made from F. anc
Page 23 and 24: green tea, partly because of the ox
Page 25 and 26: average level of 3 % along with ver
Page 27 and 28: alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers
Page 29 and 30: Scheme 2.1: : Enzymatic degradation
Page 31 and 32: In Scheme 2.2 linolenic acid is tra
Page 33 and 34: alkylating agent. DMAPP possesses a
Page 35 and 36: cinnamaldehyde and coumarin (cinnam
Page 37 and 38: mixing and agitating a liquid or so
Page 39 and 40: method whose isolation efficiency d
Page 41 and 42: immersed directly into the sample s
Page 43 and 44: (1958) as a parameter for identifyi
Page 45 and 46: natural product was identified. The
Page 47 and 48: (Larkcom, 2007). Taro leaves and le
Page 49 and 50: 2.6.5 F. ancylantha Schweinf F. anc
Page 51 and 52: 2 cm broad, valvate, with 1-3 subgl
Page 53 and 54: Fruits and vegetables were placed i
Page 55 and 56: 3.4 Preparation of chemicals and re
Page 57 and 58: and SII (Robert and Smith, 1963). T
Page 59 and 60: Where the (E(1cm)0.02 %) value for
Page 61 and 62: Distillation was carried out for 4
Page 63 and 64: done to remove particles of Na2SO4.
Page 65 and 66: 3.8.6 Hydrodistillation and solvent
Page 67 and 68: experiment was continued for 57 min
Page 69 and 70: 3.10 Identification of volatile con
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4
Page 73: Significant (p
Page 77 and 78: 4.3 Volatile constituents of S. coc
Page 79 and 80: The SPME method identified 11 compo
Page 81 and 82: Esters constituted (83.3 % %) while
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.6: Compounds identified aft
Page 85 and 86: 4.4.2 Identity of volatile flavour
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.9: Compounds identified aft
Page 89 and 90: Seven compounds made up oof f carbo
Page 91 and 92: CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMEN
Page 93 and 94: 5.2 Recommendations In order to exp
Page 95 and 96: Chalton, A.J., Davis, A.L., Jones,
Page 97 and 98: G1Innovations. (2003). Innovations
Page 99 and 100: sims F.Flavicarpa Degner) as determ
Page 101 and 102: agricultural and Pastoral communiti
Page 103 and 104: Reineccius, G., and Heath, H.B. (20
Page 105 and 106: Sawamura, M. (Ed.). (2010). Citrus
Page 107 and 108: Vas, G., and Vekey. K. (2004). Soli
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