megaspermus large-seeded megastachyusm megastachys large-spiked. megastigmus <strong>with</strong> large stigmas megist, megisto Greek largest, greatest megistocarpus bearing very large fruit, or large panicles of fruit. mei, meio Greek less, from ancient Greek µείων, lesser, less. meiacanthus <strong>with</strong> thin thorns or small thorns, from Greek and ακανθος, akanthos, spiny, thorny. meicanthus(?) small-flowered, from ανθος, anthos, flower(?); or small thorns? meifolius <strong>with</strong> leaves like Badmoney, Meum. meiogyrous rolled inwards a little. meiophyllous <strong>with</strong> one or more leaves of a whorl suppressed. Meiotrichum Greek meio-, fewer, and trichos, hair, referring to calyptra meiz, meizo larger, greater, from ancient Greek µείζων, greater, comparative of µέγας, great. mḗkōn from Greek µήκων, poppy seeds (as a spice). mel-, mela-, melo- Greek the cheeks, from Hellenistic Greek µῆλον, cheek, in ancient Greek in the sense of ‘apple’. mel, meli, melit, melito Greek honey; Melita, domi adsum. mel-, melo Greek a song-, a limb; an apple. Ancient Greek µέλος, melos is a song. Latin mēlinus, of quinces, from Helensitic Greek melinos, µήλινος, quince-yellow, from ancient Greek Aeolic µάλιος, malios, an apple tree, from µῆλον, melon, apple, quince. mel-, mell- referring to honey, from classical Latin mell-, mel honey, cognate <strong>with</strong> ancient Greek µελιτ-, µέλι, melit-, meli-, honey, similar to ancient Greek (Attic) µέλιττα, melitta, bee. mela-, melan-, melano- Greek pure black, used as a prefix, from Greek µέλας, melas, black. mela- black, from melan- from Middle English, from Middle French, from Late Latin, from Greek µέλας, melas, black; melano- & melam- from New Latin, from Greek, from melan-, melas, black melaen-, melaenus Greek black; blacken, from ancient Greek µελαίνειν, melainein, to turn black melaena Post-classical Latin melaena, from ancient Greek µέλαινα, melaina, disease characterized by bloody vomit (in the Hippocratic corpus), use as noun (short for µέλαινα νοῦσος, melaina nousos, black disease) of the feminine of µέλας, melas, black. Compare post-classical Latin melaenus, adjective (4th cent., modifying cholera bile). (OED) mela-leucus, Melaleuca black and white, New Latin, from Greek µέλας, melas, black, and -leuca, from Greek leukos white, from the black trunk and white branches. melam- combining form µελαν- melan-, forms µελαµ-, melam-, before β, π, ϕ, and ψ and µελαγ- before γ, κ, and χ . Melampodium “Often said (erroneously) to be from Greek melampodion, blackfoot; evidently traceable to Melampus, a soothsayer of renown in Greek mythology” (fna) “Classical Latin melampodium, melampodion < Hellenistic Greek µελαµπόδιον, melampodion, ancient Greek µελαµ-, melam-, and πόδιον, podion. Pliny (Nat. Hist. 25. 47) derives the word from the name of Melampūs, a mythical soothsayer and healer.” (OED) (Compositae) melampodus <strong>with</strong> black stems, from melan, black or nearly so, from and Greek πους, ποδος, pous, podos. Melampyrum melan-, melano- from ancient Greek µελαν-, µελανο-, melan-, melano-, combining form of µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black. melanadenius -a -um melanaden'ius (mel-an-a-DEE-nee-us) <strong>with</strong> black glands. melananthus black-flowered, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and ανθος, anthos, flower. melancholicus melancholy, melancholic, gloomy on appearancce or color; hanging or drooping, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melangeophilis loam-loving, lit. black earth loving, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, . melanidus dark, somber, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanocalyx having a black calyx or a dark calyx, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanocarpus -a -um (me-la-no-KAR-pus) <strong>with</strong> black fruits or dark fruits, from Greek µέλας, melas, black, and καρπός, karpos, fruit. melanocaulis <strong>with</strong> a black stalk, ffrom Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and Latin noun caulis, caulis m., from the Greek καυλος, kaulos, the stem or stalk of a plant; usual spelling was colis or coles, or kaulos, the shaft.
melanocentrus black-flowered, being black or dark in the center, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanochaetus <strong>with</strong> black bristles, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and χαιτη, chaite, bristle, long hair. melanochlaenus <strong>with</strong> black coverings, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanochlamys, melanochlamyus <strong>with</strong> a black mantle, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanochlorus blackish green, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanococcus black-berried, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanocyclus <strong>with</strong> black rings, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanoleucus, melano-leucus black and white, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanolomus <strong>with</strong> a black border or a dark border, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanophloeus having black bark, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanophthalmus <strong>with</strong> black eyes, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanophyllus having dark-colored leaves, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanopodus -a -um, melanopus <strong>with</strong> black foot-stalks, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and πους, ποδος, pous, podos. melanospermus <strong>with</strong> black seeds or black spores, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanostictus spotted or dotted <strong>with</strong> black, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and . melanotrichus <strong>with</strong> black hairs, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, and. melanoxylon, melanoxylus having black wood, from Greek µελαν-, µέλας, melan-, melas, black, . Melanthera from Greek µέλας, melas, black, and Latin, anthera, anther. (Compositae) melantherus <strong>with</strong> black anthers. melánthio-, melánthion from Greek µελάνθιο, µελάνθιον, melanthio, melanthion, nigella. melanthion black cumin. Melanthium New Latin, from Greek µέλας, melas, black, dark, and Greek anth-, from anthos, blossom, flower and -ium, from Greek ιο, of, like, from the dark color of the fading perianth. melas, -melas black, dark, from Greek µέλας, melas, black. Melastomaceae plants of the Malabar Laurel family, from the genus name, Melastoma, and -aceae, the standardized Latin suffix of plant family names; from ancient Greek µέλας, melas, black and στόµα, stoma, mouth. meldo Greek melt meleagris, meleagri- from Greek for a guinea fowl, meaning spotted like a Galeeni or Guinea-fowl, speckled, spotted. meles, -meles Latin a badger -meles referring to an apple, or any fruit meli-, melid, melin Latin a badger meli-, melit, melito Greek honey Melia, -melia Greek an ash tree, from ancient Greek µελία, melia, manna-ash, from µέλι, meli, honey. Meliaceae Melia'ceae (mel-ee-AY-see-ee) plants of the Melia, Bead-tree, family, from the genus name, Melia, and -aceae, the standardized Latin suffix of plant family names. Melianthaceae plants of the Great Cape Honey-flower family, from the genus name, Meianthus, and -aceae, the standardized Latin suffix of plant family names; from , and ανθος, anthos, flower. Melianthus <strong>with</strong> honey flowers, from Greek µέλι, meli, honey, and ἄνθος, anthos, flower. Melica Mel'ica (MEL-i-ka) New Latin, from Italian melica, meliga, sorghum, modification (influenced by Latin mel, honey) of Medieval Latin (herba) medica, literally, medical herb, from herba herb, and medica, feminine of medicus medical. (Gramineae) melicaria like Melica, melic grass, from New Latin, from Italian melica, earlier meliga, sorghum, millet, modification (influenced by Latin mel, honey) of Medieval Latin (herba) medica, literally, medical herb, from herba herb, and medica, feminine of medicus medical. melichr-, melichro Greek honey-colored melicus -a -um Latin adjective, musical, lyrical. melicus, melici m. Latin noun, lyric poet. melid Latin a badger melilōtos, melilōti f.; melilōtum, melilōti n. Latin noun, clover, species of, Melilotus or Trifolium; melilotus; serta Campanica. melilitus melilot, Trigonella graeca.
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WITH MĀLUS TOWARD NONE revised 21
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Many words listed as Greek roots ar
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a-, ab-, abs- Latin prefix meaning
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Abrotanella Abrotanum-like, feminin
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Acanthogilia spiny-Gilia, (= Baja c
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acerosus needle-shaped, stiffish ne
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acifolius with leaves like needles,
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acrobaticus -a -um walking on point
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acutiusculus sharply pointed acutus
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Adiantum-nigrum black-spleenwort, f
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aed- Greek αιδοια, aidoia, th
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aer Greek αηρ, aer, the air, atm
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aeto-, aetus, -aetus an eagle, from
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ager, -ager Latin ager, a field, la
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X Agrohordeum agrophilus -a -um gra
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al Arabic, the article the. al-, al
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albotomentosus white woolly albo-va
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aliquantum aliquan'tum (al-i-KAN-tu
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aloïfolius, aloifolius -a -um with
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altri-, altric, altrix, -altrix a n
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amaurorhachis with black ribs amaur
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amict- Latin amicire, to clothe, wr
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amphidason, amphidasyus, amphidasys
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anact-, anacto Greek ανακτωρ
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Ancisrtorhynchus fish-hook-beak, fr
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Semitic name for Adonis, Na’man (
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anicano- Greek ανικανος, an
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anophel-, anapholes, -anopheles Gre
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Anthriscus Anthris'cus (an-THRIS-ku
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Apargia of neglect, from Greek απ
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apl-, aplo- Greek απλοος (α
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aquaticus -a -um aqua'ticus (a-KWA-
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arborescens arbores'cens (ar-bore-E
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arcus, -arcus Latin a bow; an arch;
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argillaceus -a -um growing in clay;
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aristideus -a -um bristled, like an
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Aronia (a-RO-nee-a) from the Greek
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artosquamatus a -um covered with cr
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asella, asellae f. Latin a she-ass.
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assa-foetida fetid-mastic, botanica
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astroites star-shaped astrotrichus
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atramentarius -a -um with black eru
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auctor, auctoris Latin one who give
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auricularis -is -e lobed like an ea
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avisylvanus -a -um botanical Latin,
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acch-, bacchan, bacche Greek mythol
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Bakerisideroxylon Engler’s generi
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anatus -a -um, banaticus -a -um, ba
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Bartlettia For John Russell Bartlet
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atjanicus -a -um from Bacan Island,
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ellatulus neat and beautiful beller
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euth-, beuthos Greek βευδος,
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ion- Greek βιωναι, bionai, to
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Blennosperma Blennosper'ma (blen-oh
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ononiensis relating to Bononia, now
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achist-, brachisto Greek βραχυ
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evicaudatus -a -um short-tailed, fr
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uch-, bruchus, -bruchus Latin a win
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Bulbostylis having a bulblike style
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yss-, bysso-, byssus Greek βυσσ
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caespitululus -a -um Late Latin a l
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calig-, caliga, -caliga Latin calig
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calv-, calvus -a -um bare, naked, b
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campester, campestris, campestre or
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Canella Latin canella, cinnamon, re
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capitan- Latin capitaneus -a -um, l
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cardo, cardinis m. Latin noun, a hi
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carn-, carneo, carni Latin carnis,
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caryota, caryotae f., caryotis, car
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catarius, cataria of cats (?) catar
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caulis, caulis m. Latin stalk or st
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celet- hidden, from celo, celare, c
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cerambyc Greek a kind of beetle cer
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cetr-, cetra, -cetra Latin a shield
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chartostegius with a paper-like cov
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claire de lune French cv. moonlight
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Chrysanthemoides chrysanthemum-like
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cill-, cilla, -cilla, cillo Latin t
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citrëus-rinus lemon colored citrif
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clinophyllus with limp leaves clino
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cobanensis -is -e from Coban, Guate
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coet-, coeto Greek bed, sleep Cogit
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comans hairy, with hair, leafy, tuf
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coni-, conico, conio, conium, -coni
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cop-, copo Greek pain, suffering co
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corniformis horn-shaped cornigerous
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coryst-, corystes, -corystes Greek
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crawfordii for Ethan Allan Crawford
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croceo-lanatus with yellow wool or
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cucullarius, cucullaria kuk-ew-LAH-
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curussavicus ku-ra-SAH-vi-kus of or
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Cylindropuntia Cylindropun'tia (sil
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Cystacanthus bladder thorn, from Gr
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Daucus Dau'cus (DAW-kus, or DOW-kus
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deinde thereafter, next deipn-, dei
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depilosus hairless deplanatus Latin
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diaphoreticus, diaphoricus setting
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diffusus, diffusa -um, diffusior -o
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dipterocarpus with two-winged fruit
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docus, -docus Greek abeam; a spar.
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dracocephalus with a head like a dr
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duplicato-serratus with double saw
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Echinocystis from Greek εχῖνο
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elaeodes olive color elaio- olive g
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Sicily (they used the Greek (or Pho
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endysi, endysis Greek entering; a p
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Epilobium Epilo'bium (e-pi-LO-bee-u
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erectus -a -um Latin upright, erect
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eros Greek: love; Latin: gnawed awa
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essed Latin esseda, a two-wheeled w
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euphrasioides resembling Euphrasia,
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exiguus -a -um exig'uus (ex-IG-yoo-
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falcatus falcate, sickle-shaped, cu
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Feijoa Feijo'a (fy-JO-a) Feles mala
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ficus-indica fi'cus-in'dica (FY-kus
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flaccospermus -a -um with a soft se
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Floruit “he flourished” from fl
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-formis -is -e New Latin, -shaped,
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fringill, fringilla Latin a finch f
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fund, funda, fundi Latin a sling; t
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galer- Latin: a cap; Greek: cheerfu
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gemmulosus with minute buds, as wit
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gibberosus humped, hunchbacked, wit
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glaucodeus -a -um from Latin glaucu
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glyká amýgdala from Greek γλυ
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gossypinus -a -um gossypi'nus (gah-
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greenei green'ei (GREEN-ee-eye) aft
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gymnanthus -a -um with naked flower
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halec-, haleco Latin a herring, ale
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harveyana Hassei Hass'ei (HASS-ee-e
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heleo- marsh, from Greek ἓλος,
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hepaticus -a -um, Hepatica (he-PA-t
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heteracanthus various-spined, with
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hiemalis -is -e, hiëmalis of winte
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hirtus -a -um hir'tus (HER-tus) New
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Hooker collected plants in Asia, Af
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Hyacinthus from Hyacinth of Greek m
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Hymenophyllaceae plants of the film
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Hyssopifolius, hyssopifolius -a -um
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igneous incandescent red, bright sc
- Page 281 and 282: inaequalis unequal, irregular, unsy
- Page 283 and 284: infidelior insecure, treacherous. i
- Page 285 and 286: interior -or -ius from Latin interi
- Page 287 and 288: ipsi New Latin same ipso facto by t
- Page 289 and 290: -iter Latin a passage, journey, a w
- Page 291 and 292: Johanneshowellia for John Thomas Ho
- Page 293 and 294: karstiensis from the Karst Mountain
- Page 295 and 296: kotschyanus, kotschyi for Theodore
- Page 297 and 298: lact-, lacte, lacti, lacto Latin mi
- Page 299 and 300: lanatus, laniger- woolly lanatus -a
- Page 301 and 302: lasaratus prepared with silphium. l
- Page 303 and 304: laurocerasus, lauro-cerasus cherry
- Page 305 and 306: len, lenus, lent Latin a lentil, be
- Page 307 and 308: leptoneurus having fine nerves or v
- Page 309 and 310: Leucorchis white orchid, from Greek
- Page 311 and 312: ligneous woody lignosus woody ligno
- Page 313 and 314: lineatus lined, with lines, in a st
- Page 315 and 316: lobophorus bearing lobes. lobophyll
- Page 317 and 318: longistylis -is -e long-styled, hav
- Page 319 and 320: lugubr-, lugubris mourning, sad, gl
- Page 321 and 322: lycotonum wolf-poison, from lykos,
- Page 323 and 324: macrophlebius coarsley veined or co
- Page 325 and 326: major ma'jor (MAY-jor, classically
- Page 327 and 328: mandragoricus Mayapple (?)Podophyll
- Page 329 and 330: martagon the Martagon Lily, Lilium
- Page 331: meconitis a kind of spurge. Meconop
- Page 335 and 336: melos Greek probing melosmon see al
- Page 337 and 338: merus denotes parts or numbers in c
- Page 339 and 340: microchilium small-lipped microchit
- Page 341 and 342: minor mi'nor (MI-nor) Latin less, s
- Page 343 and 344: moesiacus of the Balkan region, fro
- Page 345 and 346: monomerus with single member, as a
- Page 347 and 348: moschatus -a -um moscha'tus (mos-KA
- Page 349 and 350: mundus, -a, um Latin clean, neat, e
- Page 351 and 352: mylabr, mylabris Greek an insect in
- Page 353 and 354: nacosthon rosemary, from Egyptian.
- Page 355 and 356: ne Greek not ne-, neo Greek new; sw
- Page 357 and 358: nepeta catmint, Cataria, Nepeta cat
- Page 359 and 360: nigkéla from Modern Greek νιγκ
- Page 361 and 362: Non sum pisces. I am not a fish. No
- Page 363 and 364: nummalarifolius money-leaved nummul
- Page 365 and 366: oblique Latin oblique, obliquely ob
- Page 367 and 368: ocreatus with a sheath formed by on
- Page 369 and 370: ogisui after Mikinori Ogisu, Japane
- Page 371 and 372: -ology Greek the science of olor, -
- Page 373 and 374: ope, opeo Greek an opening opelousa
- Page 375 and 376: Orchidaceae Orchida'ceae (or-kid-AY
- Page 377 and 378: orphe mythology Melodious orphn, or
- Page 379 and 380: othe, otheo Greek push, thrust otit
- Page 381 and 382: pachyacanthus -a -um pachyacan'thus
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palmatifidus palmately cut, hand-sh
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Papilionatae a sub-order of Legumin
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parryi par'ryi (PARE-ee-eye) for Dr
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path-, patho-, pathy, pathy Greek s
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Pedicularis Pedicular'is (ped-ik-yo
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pelv-, pelveo, pelvi, pelvio Latin
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penuri- Latin want; in want peo-, p
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peripterus surrounded by a wing. pe
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Petalostemum also spelled Petaloste
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phan Greek show, appear phane, phan
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phleg, phlegeth, phlegethon, phlego
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the gum resin ammoniacum (mixed amm
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Picea the silver fir, from the Clas
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pinnatilobus pinnate-lobed pinnatim
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placentiformis quoit-shaped, cake-s
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platyphyllus -a -um, platyphyllos p
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plumarius, plumatus plumed, feather
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pogonostigmus with downy scars. poi
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polygynus with more than twelve sty
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porc, porci, porcus-, porcus Latin
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powellii after John Wesley Powell (
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primiveris -is -e primiver'is (pri-
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propior, propiori Latin nearer prop
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pseudo-cyperus like “false” cyp
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Pteridaceae Pterida'ceae (tare-i-DA
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puffin, puffinus, -puffinus New Lat
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purpusii for the brothers Carl Purp
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Pyrola Pyro'la (pi-ROE-la) (PI-ro-l
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Quando omni flunkus, mortati "When
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achi, rachia, rachio, rachis, -rach
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aphanistrum resembling a radish, or
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eduncus with hooked bristles, from
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estibilis perennial. restioides res
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hect, -rhecti Greek rupture rheg, r
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hoptr-, rhoptro, rhoptrum, -rhoptru
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obbinsii robertianum Robinia Robin'
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Rotkäppchen German cv. Little Red
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ugosus -a -um rugo'sus (roo-GO-sus)
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Latin adjectival suffix indicating
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salicornioides salicornia-like, res
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sandonicum, santonicum wormwood, wo
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sarmaticus -a -um, sarmatis -is -e
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scabrellus, scabridus rough or some
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Schiedeella for Christian Julius Wi
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sclareus dry, stiff. scler, scler-,
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treatment of scrofula. Scrofula is
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Securigera axe-bearing from securig
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semipectinatus comb-like on one sid
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septuagesi Latin the seventieth sep
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sesqui, sesqui- Latin a prefix used
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sicari, sicarius, -sicarius Greek a
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simbl-, simblo-, simblus Greek a be
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situs, situs n. Latin noun, situati
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solidaginoides resembling Golden Ro
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spadi-, spadic, spadix, -spadix Gre
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Specularia Venus's Looking Glass Ne
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Spinacia Latin spina, spine, in ref
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squamarius being furnished with sca
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stellinervius star ribbed, as the l
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stigm, stigma, -stigma, stigmat, st
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strenu Latin active strepens, strep
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strychn, strychno, strychnus, -stry
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subcordatus somewhat cordate, somew
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succedaneus a substitute. succedanu
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sursum Latin above, upward, upwards
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syrin, syring, syringo, syrinx, -sy
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tam so Tam exanimis quam tunica neh
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Te precor dulcissime supplex! Prett
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tenuifolius -a -um tenuifo'lius (te
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terricolous growing on dry land. te
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thaler--, thalero Greek fresh, bloo
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tho, thoo Greek quick; a jackal tho
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tibic, tibicen, -tibicen, tibicin L
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tomentosus -a -um tomento'sus (toe-
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Townsonia for David Townsend (1850-
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travi Latin penetrate trech, trecho
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trichorrhachis hairy ‘stem’ of
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triornithophorus bearing three bird
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trochocarpus bearing pulley wheel-l
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tumid-, tumidus Latin swollen tumid
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ucranicus -a -um of or from the Ukr
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unctuosus having a greasy surface.
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uria, -uria Latin a diving bird; Gr
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vaccinifolius, vacciniifolius -a -u
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variimammus with varying warts or v
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verbascifolius verbascum-leaved, wi
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veruculatus cylindrical, but somewh
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vigesim Latin the twentieth, from v
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viridescens virides'cens (vir-i-DES
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volan-, volans Latin flying, winged
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wheeleri wheel'eri (WHEEL-er-eye) a
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xer-, xero Greek dry xerampelinus r
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zacaensis zacaen'sis (zak-ee-EN-sis
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zopyre name of an antidote after Zo
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Ancient Greek was written in ALL CA
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standard from Hellenic times until
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with dasia and ypogegrammeni ᾁ
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circumflex after http://en.wikipedi
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from http://www.codex99.com/typogra
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Third declension has -is in the gen
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Selected sources Randal H. Alcock,
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http://users.erols.com/whitaker/dic
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U, u un-named Carpesium (from Greek